Английская Википедия:Café Touba
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Italic title
Шаблон:Lang is a coffee beverage that is a popular traditional drink of Senegal and (more recently) Guinea-Bissau, and is named for the city of Touba, Senegal.
Шаблон:Lang is a coffee drink that is flavored with grains of Selim or Guinea pepper (the dried fruit of the shrub Xylopia aethiopica)[1] (locally known as Шаблон:Lang, in the Wolof language) and sometimes cloves. The addition of Шаблон:Lang, imported to Senegal from Côte d'Ivoire or Gabon, is the important factor differentiating Шаблон:Lang from plain coffee. The spices are mixed and roasted with coffee beans, then ground into a powder. The drink is prepared using a filter, in a manner similar to that used to prepare drip coffee.
History
Шаблон:Lang (French for 'Touba coffee') is named for the city of Touba, Senegal (Hassaniya Arabic Шаблон:Lang, 'Felicity'). The drink is traditionally consumed by the Islamic Mouride brotherhood as it came to Senegal when the brotherhood's founder, Sheikh Amadou Bamba Mbacké, returned from exile in Gabon in 1902.[1][2] The drink is served during ceremonies, commemorations, and during the Grand Magal of Touba.[3]
Usage
The coffee-to-Шаблон:Lang ratio is typically around 80 percent coffee to 20 percent Шаблон:Lang. In recent years, consumption of Шаблон:Lang has been increasing as the drink is spreading to cities of all faiths, both in and outside Senegal.[4] The World Bank wrote that a progressive elimination of imported coffee seems common in poorer areas of Senegal as a result of the global recession of 2009: a Senegalese restaurant owner stated, "We weren't used to Шаблон:Sic the Tuba Coffee for breakfast, but since the crisis people drink it a lot, also children."[5] Commercial export outside Senegal, while small, is present.[6] In Guinea-Bissau, Шаблон:Lang has become the country's most popular drink, even though it was relatively unknown several years ago.[7] Consumption of Шаблон:Lang increased to the point that sales of instant coffee, most notably Nescafé, decreased in West Africa. To more directly compete with Шаблон:Lang, Nestlé launched a product that contains spices, called Nescafé Ginger & Spice.[8]
See also
References
Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Refbegin
- Guèye, Cheikh, "Entre frontières économiques et frontières religieuses: Le café Touba recompose le territoire mouride"; in: Piermay, Jean-Luc; Cheikh, Sarr (eds.), La ville sénégalaise: Une invention aux frontières du monde (in French); Karthala, 2007, pp. 137–151. Шаблон:ISBN.
External links
- "Café Touba: Une consommation très galopante', L'Office (in French), 7 September 2007.
- "Le 'café Touba', un concurrent de taille à Nescafé', Le Soleil (in French), 26 September 2007.
Шаблон:Coffee Шаблон:Cuisine of Africa
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Sophie Bava et Cheikh Guèye, "Le grand magal de Touba: Exil prophétique, migration et pèlerinage au sein du mouridisme", (in French) Social Compass, 2001.
- ↑ Amar Samb, "Touba et son 'magal'" (in French); Bulletin de l'IFAN, vol. XXXI, series B, no. 3; July 1969; pp. 733–753.
- ↑ Ross, Eric (2011). Globalising Touba Expatriate Disciples in the World City Network. Urban Studies. 48(14): 2929−2952.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite AV media
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite thesis
