Английская Википедия:Calabazas Creek (Santa Clara County)
Calabazas Creek is a Шаблон:Convert[1] northeast by northward-flowing stream originating on Table Mountain in Saratoga, California in Santa Clara County, California, United States. It courses through the cities of Saratoga, San Jose, Cupertino, Santa Clara and Sunnyvale, culminating in the Guadalupe Slough in south San Francisco Bay.
History
In the Spanish language, calabazas means squash, pumpkins or gourds.[2] The name was especially popular to the south of San Francisco Bay.[3]
Watershed and course
An unnamed tributary of Calabazas Creek starts at an elevation of Шаблон:Convert on Table Mountain, whose summit is at Шаблон:Convert and located at 37°15'30" N and 122°04' 55" W, although the creek's official USGS source is at Шаблон:Convert and located at 37°16'29" N and 122°04'07" W.[1] The Calabazas Creek watershed drains Шаблон:Convert.[4] Named tributaries of Calabazas Creek include Prospect, Rodeo and Regnart Creeks. Prospect Creek flows 1.4 miles before entering Calabazas Creek from the left (heading downstream) at elevation 325 feet, then Rodeo Creek from the right, and finally, Regnart Creek joins at elevation 226 feet.[5][6] Historically Calabazas Creek was a tributary of Saratoga Creek joining it just downstream of San Francisco Road (probably El Camino Real) on the Thompson and West 1876 map, and thence to the Guadalupe River. When the Guadalupe River was redirected from Guadalupe Slough to Alviso Slough (formerly Steamboat Slough), Calabazas Creek was extended directly to Guadalupe Slough at Sunnyvale Baylands Park in Sunnyvale.[7][8]
Thirty-two percent of its length, approximately 4.2 miles, is classified as "hard bottom" and the reach between Highway 101 and Lawrence Expressway is a trapezoidal, concrete-lined channel. From Guadalupe Slough to Highway 101, Calabazas Creek is an enlarged earthen channel with levees.[4] In 2010, the Calabazas Creek Flood Control Project was started by the Santa Clara Valley Water District (SCVWD) to enlarge the culvert undercrossing at Saratoga-Sunnyvale Road, widen the Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) bridge, and construct a detention area adjacent to the creek north of Saratoga-Sunnyvale Road, with bank erosion repair at dozens of locations along 3.7 miles of the creek from Miller Avenue to Wardell Road (and was extended to include the Comer Debris Basin and Comer Drive.[9] The culvert at Saratoga-Sunnyvale Road was widened and the upstream detention basin completed in September, 2011.[10]
Habitat and wildlife
Steelhead trout (coastal rainbow trout) (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus) occurred historically in Calabazas Creek but have not been seen since the 1970s. Leidy (2005) identified at least several impassable barriers to migration upstream from the Bay including a Шаблон:Convert inclined dam at Comer Drive, and drop structures at Bollinger Road and Rainbow Drive.[11] The latter two have now been removed, and the Comer Dam, which was constructed in 1973 to trap gravel and cement debris from the upstream Cocciardi Quarry (closed for several years now), has raised the creek to within four feet of the underside of Comer Drive bridge posing a flooding threat to the bridge.[12] It was scheduled to be removed by the SCVWD.
Leidy (2007) identified three species of native fishes in Calabazas Creek: California roach, Sacramento sucker, Three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), and rainbow trout (Oncohrynchus mykiss) (now extirpated). Non-native fishes include goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) and Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis).[13]
See also
References
External links
- Шаблон:Gnis
- Guadalupe Slough Watershed maps page at Guide to San Francisco Bay Area Creeks
- Friends of Calabazas Creek
- Santa Clara County Creeks Coalition
- Santa Clara Basin Watershed Management Initiative (SCBWMI)
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокNHDне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite gnis
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite gnis
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite report
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite report
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite report
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