Английская Википедия:Calamus radicalis

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Calamus radicalis, commonly known as vicious hairy mary, is a plant in the palm family Arecaceae endemic to the rainforests of north east Queensland, Australia. Like other species in the genus Calamus, this is a climbing plant with a very long and flexible stem. It uses sharp strong hooks on the fronds and tendrils to attach itself to other vegetation, such as taller established trees, thus gaining support that enables it to grow higher towards the canopy. This species is very similar to C. australis, with which it coexists, but is larger in almost all respects.

Description

This species has a clustering habit, i.e. several stems are produced from the same base. Stems may reach lengths of up to Шаблон:Cvt and a diameter of Шаблон:Cvt.Шаблон:R The leaves (or fronds) are produced on the youngest part of the stem, and the older sections are bare as the leaves age and fall off (exactly the same process as the more familiar upright palm with a stout stem). The older, leafless part of the stem of Calamus radicalis is smooth and glossy green.Шаблон:R

The leaves have a long leaf sheath clasping the stem, which is densely covered with needle-like spines measuring Шаблон:Cvt or more. Tendrils, measuring several metres in length and armed with many large, stout, recurved barbs are produced from the leaf sheath. The leaf itself is pinnate, up to Шаблон:Cvt in length, and has 30 to 55 pairs of leaflets.Шаблон:R Leaves are armed with stout recurved barbs on both upper and lower surfaces of the rachis, and with fine, short - Шаблон:Cvt - spines on the upper surface of the leaflets.Шаблон:R The overall outline of the leaf is elliptic and the longest leaflets are at the midpoint, measuring about Шаблон:Cvt long by Шаблон:Cvt wide.Шаблон:R

The inflorescences are large pendulous panicles measuring several metres in length, carrying either staminate (functionally male) or pistillate (functionally female) flowers.Шаблон:R

Fruits are globose, around Шаблон:Cvt diameter, with a scaly exterior.Шаблон:R They contain a single round seed which is surrounded by a thin layer of soft edible flesh.

Taxonomy

Calamus radicalis was first described in 1875 by Hermann Wendland and Carl Georg Oscar Drude in their work Palmae Australasicae, published in the journal Linnaea: Ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange, oder Beiträge zur Pflanzenkunde.Шаблон:R The type specimen was collected near the Russell River in Queensland.Шаблон:R

Distribution and habitat

This species is restricted to the area from Cape Tribulation southwards to near Mackay.Шаблон:R It grows in well developed lowland and highland rainforest, reaching its best development on soils derived from volcanic rocks.Шаблон:R

Conservation

This species is listed by the Queensland Department of Environment and Science as least concern.Шаблон:R Шаблон:As of, it has not been assessed by the IUCN.

Gallery

• Tendril, displaying strong sharp hooks

  Tendril, displaying strong sharp hooks

• Stem, showing the densely packed spines on the leaf sheath

  Stem, showing the densely packed spines on the leaf sheath

• Stem and leaflets, both with spines

  Stem and leaflets, both with spines

• Closeup of leaflets, showing the spines arranged in three longitudinal rows

  Closeup of leaflets, showing the spines arranged in three longitudinal rows

External links

• Шаблон:Wikispecies-inline
• Шаблон:Commons-inline
• View a map of historical sightings of this species at the Australasian Virtual Herbarium
• View observations of this species on iNaturalist
• View images of this species on Flickriver