Английская Википедия:Calcutta Cricket and Football Club
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use Indian English Шаблон:Infobox football club
Calcutta Cricket & Football Club (popularly known by its abbreviation CC&FC, or CCFC) is an Indian professional multi-sports club based in Kolkata, West Bengal. Founded in 1792 as a cricket institution, the football and rugby sections were added when it merged with Calcutta Football Club (oldest football club in Asia, founded in 1872) in 1965.[1][2]
Rugby section of the club made CC&FC the oldest rugby institution founded outside the United Kingdom and Ireland.[3][4] Club's football section competes in the premier division of Calcutta Football League, fifth tier of the Indian football league system.
History and overview
Early years (1792–1960s)
Calcutta Cricket Club
Шаблон:Quote box The history of CC&FC dates back to 1792, when the club was established by the name of "Calcutta Cricket Club Clippers".[5][6] It was primarily a cricket institution in the East India Company rule in India.[7][8][9] The club was also founded as one of the earliest known gentlemen's clubs (for Europeans only)[10] in Calcutta, then capital of British India.[11][12][13] Recent evidence in the form of an article published in the Hicky's Bengal Gazette, suggests the club (described as "Gentlemen of Calcutta Cricket Club") existed in 1780[14] – that would make it the oldest cricket club in the world.[note 1][15] In 1792 during their tour in India, Eton cricket team (Old Etonians) appeared in an exhibition match against Calcutta Cricket Club.[16] By 1825, CC&FC established themselves as one of the formidable sides in Bengal Presidency, alongside British Army-operated cricket teams in the country.[17]
Calcutta Football Club
Incorporated in 1872, Calcutta Football Club predominately introduced rugby in the country.[18][19][20][21] As per the Amrita Bazar Patrika, club's membership was restricted to people belonging to the upper strata of British middle class.[22] They later contributed in introducing and developing association football; Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhikari (founding father of football in India) taught the game to his classmates of prestigious Hare School compound in 1877, after observing British soldiers playing the game in Calcutta FC ground.[23][24][25][26][27][28] CC&FC soon emerged as one of the prestigious private members' clubs in Asia; By January 1873, nearly 137 members had enrolled, while European women were granted membership in the first half of the 19th century.[29] The club became one of the founding members of the Indian Football Association (IFA) in 1893, then headed by British administrators. The primary sport Rugby, later suffered because of the departure of British regiments.[29] Bicycle Polo division (now known as Cycle Polo) was formed in 1901–02, and being played since then in CC&FC.[29]
Merger and later years (1960s–present)
Шаблон:Cquote After acquiring both "Ballygunge Cricket Club" (1864–1950) and "Calcutta Football Club" (1872–77; 1884–1965) in 1965, the institution completed all the absorptions to introduce themselves under the name of "Calcutta Cricket and Football Club" (CC&FC).[17][30] Sports still being practised at the club include: cricket, football, field hockey, rugby, cycle polo, swimming, tennis, and bridge.[31] The football team competed in both the Premier Division A and B of Calcutta Football League. The club's cricket and football teams usually participated in their respective divisions as "Calcutta Cricket Club" for cricket and "Calcutta Football Club" for football.[32][33] Their hockey and rugby teams participate under the combined name of "Calcutta Cricket and Football Club".[34][35]
CC&FC has been hosting various tournaments, including Merchants' Cup (a corporate open tournament) since 1970s for both football and cricket.[36][37][38] Merchants' Cup in hockey hosted by the club until its discontinuation in 2005, while cricket tournaments at the club are being sponsored by Kolkata Knight Riders.[36] Other tournaments such as J. Thomas Cup in rugby, and Georgiadi 7s tournament are also hosted at the club ground.[39] In November 2017, the club organized their 225th anniversary celebration, marking the 225 years of cricket in India, with presence of noted international cricketers like Sunil Gavaskar, Saurav Ganguly, MS Dhoni, Yuvraj Singh, VVS Laxman, and Virat Kohli.[40][41] In June 2023, Indian Football Association made an official announcement of merger of the both Premier Division A and B of Calcutta Football League (CFL), ahead of 125th edition, and allowed CC&FC to compete in Group I.[42][43][44][45]
Departments
Cricket
CC&FC's oldest sporting department is cricket, which was incepted as the "Calcutta Cricket Club Clippers" by British expatriates who had come over with the British East India Company.[46][47][48][49] Have been in existence since 1792,[29][50] it is the second oldest cricket club in the world after Marylebone Cricket Club.[8][51][52][53][54] On 23 February 1792, Madras Courier reported the schedule of a match between Calcutta Cricket Club and a team from Barrackpore, and the news was later highlighted by Irwin Rosenwater on The London Times.[55][56] The club later played in annual fixtures against numerous British regimental teams stationed in both Fort William and Barrackpur Cantonment.[57] According to The Bengal Hurkaru and Chronicle, they also played against other visiting teams, consisting Old Etonians, Old Harrovians and alumni of both the Oxford and Cambridge University.[57]
During its earliest years of existence, the Calcutta Cricket Club played its home games near river Hooghly but it was not until 1841, when the institution got land to establish its home match venue.[55] On 19 April 1864, CC&FC was granted permission to build a pavilion at eastern end of the Eden Gardens.[55] There, a large pavilion of 125 feet by 25 feet was built out of Burma teak, modelled after pavilions of the Lord's Cricket Ground.[55] In 1889–90, the club came into limelight when Marylebone Cricket Club came to play in Calcutta by responding to the club's invitation, which was the first visit of a foreign team to play cricket in India.[55] In 1889–90 cricket season, another English team named "G. F. Vernon's XI", managed by George Vernon and captained by Martin Hawke, toured to Ceylon and India; played against Calcutta Cricket Club at the Eden Gardens on 23 December,[58][59] under the "Laws of Cricket" (prevailed in England at the time, including the compulsory follow-on and the recently introduced 5-ball over).[60][61][58] In 1892–93 cricket season, an English team led by Martin Hawke, came to India and played against Calcutta Cricket Club.[62][63][64]
In 1926–27 season during winter, CC&FC played the key role in bringing Marylebone Cricket Club, which was their second tour to India,[65][66][67][68][69] and MCC was then led by former England captain Arthur Edward Gilligan.[70][71][72] On 15 August 1950, then club president T. C. Longfield handed over the ownership of Eden Gardens to then Chief Minister of West Bengal, Bidhan Chandra Roy.[55] In December 1962, the club made history, when its members announced and conducted a 5-match series between Calcutta Cricket Club and Merchants' XI, introducing "limited over cricket format" (all were 20 overs).[55] It was later merged with the Calcutta Football Club (incorporated in 1872,[73][74] where both footballs — rugby and association were practised)[75][76][77] and the Ballygunge Cricket Club over the years to become the "Calcutta Cricket and Football Club" in 1965.[29] CC&FC is currently under the jurisdiction of Cricket Association of Bengal (CAB),[78][79] and competes in the CAB First Division League, J.C. Mukherjee T-20 Trophy, N.C. Chatterjee T-20 Trophy, and other regional tournaments.[33][80] Later in the 1970s, wooden pavilion of Calcutta was demolished, while the construction of the new club house (current headquarters of the CAB) began, which was named after Bidhan Chandra Roy.[55][81] Club's cricket section is currently headquartered in 19/1, Garcha 1st Lane, Ballygunge, Kolkata.[82]
Rugby union
In the British Raj, Rugby union was introduced and emerged as second most popular winter sport after association football.[83][84] For the first time in the country, a scratch match or two played in Calcutta and Madras during the visit of MS Galatea in 1871.[85] At the ground of CC&FC, first recorded match was played, on Christmas Day.[86][87] The incident paved the way for growth of the British sport in India, and foundation of "Calcutta Rugby Football Club" in January the following year by expats, former students of Rugby School and soldiers of the Royal East Kent Regiment – which was stationed in the 1870s.[88][89][90] In 1874, Calcutta Football Club joined the Rugby Football Union (RFU).[90][91][92][93][94] After departure of British troops, and recreational facilities became disbanded, club's rugby section was discontinued in 1878.[95] Members decided to keep the memory of the club alive by having the remaining 270 silver rupee coins in their bank vault melted down to be made into a trophy (the Calcutta Cup), which was then presented to the Rugby Football Union (described as "the best means of doing some lasting good for the cause of Rugby Football").[95] The sport came back at the CC&FC in 1884. In 1890, an inter-club tournament was incepted by the CC&FC, named Calcutta Rugby Union Challenge Cup (known simply as Calcutta Cup),[31] and its second division trophy was clinched by the club. Later in 2007, they emerged as runners-up in that tournament.[96]
The club is also a regular participant of prestigious All India & South Asia Rugby Tournament, and hosted the championship on various occasions.[97][98][99] Women's rugby team of CC&FC also participate in that tournament.[100][101][102] The club also hosts Georgiadi Club Rugby Sevens tournament, in which CC&FC's men's and women's teams (known officially as CCFC Reds) compete.[103][104] In June 2013, CC&FC's affiliate club Hong Kong FC's rugby team "HKFC Vandals" toured to Kolkata and played against CCFC Reds.[105] At the 87th edition of All India & South Asia Rugby Championship in Mumbai, CC&FC won the plate final, defeating Magicians Foundation 28–5.[106] The club also hosted 'Asia Rugby Division 3 – South Region Championship', with backing from Bengal Olympic Association.[107]
Association football
Run by the British officials since its inception in 1872,[108] "Calcutta Football Club" became the first of the three European football clubs, others being Calcutta Rangers and Dalhousie AC.[109][110] They soon emerged as one of the leading football teams in the Bengal Presidency.[111] It was then consisting of European players, and enjoyed fierce rivalry predominantly with indigenous outfit Mohun Bagan.[25] Calcutta Football Club stayed away from Trades Cup, the country's first open football tournament because members felt that their "enjoyment of the sport would be impaired if they join the competitive fray", it was instrumental in instituting the Indian Football Association (IFA) in Calcutta very much on London lines.[29] The team for the first time was defeated by Mohun Bagan in 1923 in the return leg of CFL, but managed to clinch both the league and IFA Shield titles in that season.[112][113]
Calcutta FC was the most successful team in prestigious Calcutta Football League in pre-independence era,[114] oldest league in Asia, in pre-independence era (in which, native teams were barred from participating for the first fifteen seasons), clinching eight titles.[115][116] The team is also nine-time winners of IFA Shield.[117] The 1936 edition of IFA Shield was club's last notable campaign in which they reached final, failed to win title as Mohammedan Sporting became the first all-Indian team since 1911 to clinch title, beat CC&FC 2–1.[118] In 2004, the club emerged victorious in historic Trades Cup, defeating Eastern Railway 2–1 in final.[119] In 2022, they roped in noted Indian-Iranian footballer Jamshid Nassiri as head coach.[120]
Field hockey
Club's field hockey team is known as CCFC Gremlins,[121][122] and is affiliated with the Bengal Hockey Association (often shortened to 'Hockey Bengal').[123] The team was once primarily consisting of European and Anglo-Indian players.[124][125] CC&FC is regular participant of both the Calcutta Hockey League, and Beighton Cup (one of world's oldest hockey tournaments).[126][127][128][129] They won 1924 edition of Beighton Cup, with a runner-up finish in 1919.[130][131] In 2022–23, CC&FC hosted inaugural edition of CCFC Hockey Premier League.[132]
Tennis
Tennis as a racket sport in India, introduced by the Britishers and is an important sport, still being practiced within CCFC since 1920s.[133][134] One of the earliest tennis grass courts were installed within club grounds in Ballygunge.[133] The club clinched Ballygunge Cricket Club Open Lawn Tennis Championship title in 1929.[133] Editions of Prestigious Bengal Lawn Tennis Championships (incorporated in 1887) were organized by the CC&FC.[133] In 2022–23 season, inaugural edition of Calcutta Tennis Premier League (CTPL) was hosted in the club.[132]
Cycle polo
Cycle polo, a specific version of polo being played using bicycles, has been one of the major sports being practiced at the CC&FC for decades.[135][136] The club is also affiliated with both Cycle Polo Federation of India (CPFI) and Cycle Polo Association of Bengal, the national and regional governing bodies.[137][136] The first Merchant's Cup tournament for cycle polo was organized and hosted by the club in 1973.[135] They also hosted multiple cycle polo tournaments, including — Legend's Tournament, Marsh Mug, Swaroop Bhanjdeo Memorial Tournament, Apji Vaiji Singh Memorial Trophy, and CC&FC Cup.[135][132] The club is also a regular participant in editions of Laxmibilas Cup in Kolkata.[138]
Other sports
Other individual and team sports being played at the CC&FC are: golf, bridge, volleyball, table tennis, swimming, badminton, squash, and darts.[139][140] Their volleyball team takes part in Elliot Shield State Volleyball Championship.[141] The club also won 4th edition of Monsoon League Bridge Tournament hosted by Tollygunge Club.[139] CC&FC also hosts Inter-club Darts Championship.[142]
Crest, colours and rivalries
The crest of CC&FC has numerous versions, while the present version is containing a shield, with having four stripes, in club colours black, red, and white, with initials of "CCFC" and foundation year 1792.[143]
When tournaments began and organized by the Indian Football Association in the late 19th century, CC&FC shared rivalries with two all-European teams Dalhousie AC and Calcutta Rangers, along with fully indigenous side Mohun Bagan AC.[144][145][75][146][147][148] In later years, other rivals of the club were Mohammedan Sporting, Aryans, and British regimental outfits.[24][149][150] From 1870s and 80s onwards, club's rugby team predominantly competed against two contemporary sides Bombay Gymkhana and Madras Cricket Club,[151] while currently sharing rivalries with Jungle Crows and Army Red.[152]
Home ground
Due to the absence of permanent venue in earlier days, the club used grounds in Esplanade, parallel with grounds on the bank of river Hooghly, between Fort William and Government House.[29][153] In 1825, 'Sketch of the Maidan' was done by the club, and in 1841, they were allowed to enclose the ground. The club used eastern end of the Eden Gardens (then known as 'Auckland Circus Gardens') from 1860s until shifting their base to Ballygunge in 1950s.[17][154][155] CC&FC later established its earlier known headquarter at the Eden Gardens, and built a pavilion there in 1871.[156]
Club's football section uses Calcutta FC Ground (commonly known as Mohun Bagan Ground) in Kolkata Maidan.[157] It was also used as venue of the 1954 edition of Quadrangular Series.[158][159] The present CC&FC ground for cricket is situated in Ballygunge, which serves as one of the venues for prestigious Ranji Trophy matches.[160][161][162][163]
Notable players and members
Noted players
Rugby
- Шаблон:Flagicon Шаблон:Flagicon Benjamin Burns – represented England in the first international match against Scotland in 1871.[164][165][166]
- Шаблон:Flagicon Шаблон:Flagicon Stephen Finney – represented England from 1872 to 1873.[164][167]
- Шаблон:Flagicon Шаблон:Flagicon G. A. James Rothney – served as captain of CC&FC rugby team, and both honorary secretory and treasurer of the club.[168][169]
- Шаблон:Flagicon G. St. Lager Fagan – represented Ireland internationally, in late-nineteenth century.[164]
- Шаблон:Flagicon D. McKinnon – represented Scotland internationally.[164]
- Шаблон:Flagicon G. C. Mclagan – represented Scotland internationally.[164]
Cricket
- Шаблон:Flagicon Reginald Lagden – English cricketer, captained CC&FC in the 1930s.[170]
- Шаблон:Flagicon John Lindsay Guise – English first-class cricketer, also played for Middlesex, Oxford University and Europeans.[171][172][173]
Football
- Шаблон:Flagicon Kiyan Nassiri – youngest footballer to score hat-trick in the Indian Super League,[174][175][176][177][178] and Mohun Bagan Best Forward Awardee in 2022.[179][180]
- Шаблон:Flagicon Rafikul Islam – played for CC&FC and represented Bangladesh at senior international level.[181]
Darts
- Шаблон:Flagicon Jackie Khanna – national darts champion (women's).[182][39]
Noted members
Шаблон:Quote box A large number of notable athletes are associated with the club, including:
- Football: Chuni Goswami,[183][184] Subhas Bhowmick, S. Bhattacharjee, Pradip Choudhury, P. Ganguly, Santo Mitra, Shyam Thapa,[185] Kiyan Nassiri.[186]
- Hockey: Keshav Chandra Datt, Gurbux Singh,[14] Dr. Vece Paes,[14] Anand Mandapaka.
- Cricket: Punya B. Datta,[187][188] Ashok Gandotra,[189] Devang Gandhi,[190] Sourav Ganguly, Dilip Doshi,[14] Saba Karim, Arun Lal,[191] Pranab Roy,[192] Biswajit Bhowmick, Jhulan Goswami.[39]
- Tennis: Chiradip Mukerjea, Enrico Piperno,[193] Leander Paes.
Presidential history
Notable presidents
- Шаблон:Flagicon Reginald Bousfield Lagden (Шаблон:Post-nominals) – British cricketer, hockey player, and sports administrator, also served as president of the Cricket Association of Bengal, and was awarded the Military Cross.[194][195][196]
- Шаблон:Flagicon Alexander Lindsay "Alec" Hosie – English first class cricketer, who represented teams including Marylebone Cricket Club, Oxford University, Hampshire County Cricket Club and Bengal.[194]
- Шаблон:Flagicon Thomas Cuthbert Longfield – English first-class cricketer, captained Bengal to their first Ranji Trophy win in 1938–39.[197][198][199][200]
- Шаблон:Flagicon H. J. Moorhouse – played the key role in bringing worldwide attention for CC&FC, sent letter to The Times highlighting club's existence within a news on Madras Courier dated 23 February 1792, which marked the club as oldest sporting club outside the UK (turning down the claims of Oporto Cricket and Lawn Tennis Club of Portugal in 1955).[201]
- Шаблон:Flagicon Pearson Surita – Anglo-Indian corporate executive and cricket commentator of the All India Radio (AIR)[202][203][204][205][206][207]
- Шаблон:Flagicon Keshav Dutt – Indian hockey player, won gold medals at the 1948 and 1952 Olympics, presided both the CC&FC and Saturday Club.[208][209][210][211][212]
- Шаблон:Flagicon Dr. Vece Paes – Indian hockey midfielder, who won bronze medal at the 1972 Munich Olympics.[194][17]
- Шаблон:Flagicon Arun Lal – Indian international cricketer and sports commentator.[213][214]
- Шаблон:Flagicon Utpal Ganguly – Indian sports administrator, member of the CAB, who served as secretary of the Indian Football Association.[194][215][216]
- Шаблон:Flagicon Dinyar Mucadum – Indian businessman, member of the CAB, who served as CEO of The Bengal Club.[194][217]
- Шаблон:Flagicon Dr. Pranab Dasgupta – Indian doctor, member of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, who served as president of The Bengal Club and East Bengal.[194][218]
Honours
Football
- Calcutta Football League/CFL Premier Division[219][220]
- Champions (8): 1899, 1907, 1916, 1918, 1920, 1922, 1923, 1925
- IFA Shield[note 2][221][222]
- Champions (9): 1896, 1900, 1903, 1904, 1906, 1915, 1922, 1923, 1924
- Runners-up (8): 1905, 1907, 1910, 1914, 1916, 1919, 1921, 1936
- Trades Cup
- Champions (1): 2004[223]
- Minto Fort Cup
- Runners-up (1): 1906[224]
- CFL First Division League
- Phuket Soccer 7s Championship
- Plate final (1): 2023[132]
Hockey
- Beighton Cup
- Calcutta Hockey League
- Third place (1): 2020–21[225]
Rugby
- All India & South Asia Rugby Championship[39]
- Calcutta Cup of India[229]
- BRU Women's Inter-district 7s Rugby Championship
- Bronze medal (1): 2021–22[231]
Cricket
- CAB Second Division League
- CC&FC Merchant's Cup
- Runners-up (1): 2021–22[231]
- Bangkok International Sixes Tournament
- Runners-up (1): 2023[132]
Tennis
- Ballygunge Open Lawn Tennis Championship
- Champions (1): 1929[133]
- ITC Inter-club Championship
- Champions (1): 2021–22[231]
- Bengal Tennis Association League
- Runners-up (1): 2021–22[231]
- Calcutta Gymkhana Tennis Championship
- Silver medal (1): 2022–23[132]
- Saturday Club Sports Carnival – Tennis
- Runners-up (1): 2023[132]
Bridge
Darts
- Inter-Club Darts Tournament
- Champions (1): 2021[233]
- RCGC Darts Championship
Golf
- Chaki Memorial Golf Tournament
- Runners-up (1): 2023[132]
Records and statistics
Overall records
- Most successful team in the Calcutta Football League in pre-independence era, with eight titles between 1899 and 1925 (first non-army team to win the title too).[220][234]
- Most successful team in the IFA Shield in pre-independence era, with nine titles between 1896 and 1924 (first non-army team to win the title too).[222]
- Oldest tennis tournament in India, hosted at the CC&FC: Bengal Lawn Tennis Championships in 1887 (inaugural edition)[29][235][236]
Tennis captains of CC&FC
Source:[133]
| Name | Nationality | Years |
|---|---|---|
| Debu Ghose | Шаблон:IND | 1974–1980 |
| Prakash Dayal | Шаблон:IND | 1980–1984 |
| Bikram Das | Шаблон:IND | 1984–1989 |
| Sumanta Bannerjee | Шаблон:IND | 1989–1990 |
| Prodosh Kumar Sen | Шаблон:IND | 1990–1991 |
| Rajat Dutta | Шаблон:IND | 1991–1994 |
| Azam Monem | Шаблон:IND | 1994–1997 |
| S. R. Dutt | Шаблон:IND | 1997–1998 |
| Jaggi Minotra | Шаблон:IND | 1998–1999 |
| Bikram Das | Шаблон:IND | 1999–2000 |
| Ranjan Mukherjee | Шаблон:IND | 2000 |
| Pradeep Guhathakurta | Шаблон:IND | 2000–2003 |
| Nandan Kumar Chaudhuri | Шаблон:IND | 2003–2004 |
| Babul Mitter | Шаблон:IND | 2004–2005 |
| Rajat Dutta | Шаблон:IND | 2005–2006 |
| Naresh Ojha | Шаблон:IND | 2006–2008 |
| Chittapriyo Bose | Шаблон:IND | 2008–2009 |
| Vivek Bhasin | Шаблон:IND | 2009–2011 |
| Sunny Uthup | Шаблон:IND | 2011–2012 |
| Shantanu Tewary | Шаблон:IND | 2012–2014 |
| Daniel Ghaznavi | Шаблон:IND | 2014–2015 |
| Rajeev Ghosh | Шаблон:IND | 2015–2016 |
Notable matches of CC&FC cricket team
| Dates | Match | Venue | Result | Notes |
| 23–25 December 1889 | Calcutta Cricket Club v G. F. Vernon's XI | Eden Gardens, Calcutta | Vernon's XI won by 9 wickets | [note 4][237] |
| 5–6 January 1892 | Calcutta Cricket Club v Lord Hawke's XI | CCC Ground, Calcutta | Lord Hawke's XI won by an innings and 83 runs | [62] |
Affiliations and services
CC&FC has reciprocal arrangements with over 25 private members clubs around the world, enabling members to use facilities, including notable clubs such as Kowloon Cricket Club and Hong Kong FC of Hong Kong, Penang Sports Club of Malaysia, Royal Bangkok Sports Club of Thailand, Singapore Cricket Club of Singapore, Wanderers Club of South Africa, St James's Club of England, Singhalese Sports Club of Sri Lanka, and Dhaka Club of Bangladesh.[238] In June 2022, the club organized an elite camp for Indian women's footballers, for selection to international football clubs, in which noted teams including Dinamo Zagreb, Marbella, Melbourne Victory and Western Sydney Wanderers collaborated.[239][240][241]
The club is headquartered in 19/1 Gurusaday Dutt Road, Beckbagan, Ballygunge.[242][243][244] As a prestigious gentlemen's club in the city, alongside sporting activities, CC&FC offers numerous recreational facilities to its members, including gymnasium, multi-cuisine dishes.[245][246][247] In collaboration with leading daily newspaper The Telegraph (official sponsor of club's Merchant's Cup tournament),[248] CC&FC hosts numerous bonfire parties, European-themed mega carnivals, musical fests and cultural events every single year.[249][250][251] The club complex is consisting of centenary hall, public library, swimming pool, glassed balcony-bar, and several sporting grounds.[245] There is also a mini museum of club memorabilia within CC&FC, having jerseys and signed photographs of Stanley Matthews, George Best, Franz Beckenbauer, Gavin Hastings, along with artifacts of colonial antiquities.[252][245] The club also entered into partnership with Tata Group-run Indian Cancer Society, in supporting underprivileged children fighting to beat cancer.[253]
See also
- Overview of sports in India
- History of Cricket in India
- List of current first-class cricket teams
- Football in Kolkata
- History of Indian football
- List of football clubs in India
Footnotes
References
General sources
Bibliography
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- Smith, Sean The Union Game: A Rugby History
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Further reading
- Шаблон:Cite web
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- Шаблон:Cite news
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External links
- Шаблон:Official website
- Шаблон:Facebook
- Шаблон:Facebook (official rugby team)
- Шаблон:Cite web
Шаблон:Kolkata topics Шаблон:Football in West Bengal Шаблон:West Bengal Sports Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- Английская Википедия
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_of_CC%26FC,_in_Kolkata_Maidan,_West_Bengal,_India,_photo_taken_on_December_31,_2023.jpg){kind=link}
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