Английская Википедия:California Democratic Party

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Infobox political party

The California Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in Sacramento, the state capital.

With 43.5% of the state's registered voters as of 2018, the Democratic Party has the highest number of registrants of any political party in California.[1] It is currently the dominant party in the state, and is one of the strongest affiliates of the national Democratic Party. The party currently controls the majority of California's U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, the governorship, and has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.

History

1850s

Since the beginning of the 1850s, issues regarding slavery had effectively split the California Democratic Party. By the 1853 general election campaign, large majorities of pro-slavery Democrats from Southern California, calling themselves the Chivalry (later branded as Lecompton Democrats), threatened to divide the state in half, should the state not accept slavery. John Bigler, along with former state senator and lieutenant governor David C. Broderick from the previous McDougall Administration, formed the Free Soil Democratic faction, modeled after the federal Free Soil Party that argued against the spread of slavery.

The Democrats effectively split into two camps, with both the Chivalry and Free Soilers nominating their own candidates for the 1853 election.[2] By 1857, the party had split into the Lecompton and Anti-Lecompton factions. Lecompton members supported the Kansas Lecompton Constitution, a document explicitly allowing slavery into the territory, while Anti-Lecompton faction members were in opposition to slavery's expansion. The violence between supporting and opposition forces led to the period known as Bleeding Kansas. Splits in the Democratic Party, as well as the power vacuum created by the collapse of the Whig Party, helped facilitate the rise of the American Party both in state and federal politics. In particular, state voters voted Know-Nothings into the California State Legislature, and elected J. Neely Johnson as governor in the 1855 general elections.

During the 1859 general elections, Lecompton Democrats voted for Milton Latham, who had briefly lived in the American South, as their nominee for governor. Anti-Lecomptons in turn selected John Currey as their nominee. The infant Republican Party, running in its first gubernatorial election, selected businessman Leland Stanford as its nominee. To make matters more complicated, during the campaign, Senator David C. Broderick, an Anti-Lecompton Democrat, was killed in a duel by slavery supporter and former state Supreme Court Justice David Terry on September 13.[3]

Late 19th and early 20th centuries

Файл:Governor Budd.jpg
Governor James Budd in his office

Until the early 1880s the Republican Party held the state through the power and influence of railroad men. The Democratic Party responded by taking an anti-corporate, anti freedom of attainment position. In 1894, Democrat James Budd was elected to the governorship, and the Democratic Party attempted to make good on their promises to reform the booming railroad industry. The party began working closely with the state's railroad commission to create fair rates for passengers and to eliminate monopolies the railroad companies held over the state. The main effort focused on making railroads public avenues of transportation similar to streets and roads. This measure passed and was a great victory for the Democrats, but the honeymoon would not last.[4] Budd was to be the last Democratic governor for thirty years. The struggle between the anti-monopolists and the railroad companies was, however, a key and defining issue for the Democratic Party for some time.

Despite their relative lack of power during this period, the Democrats in California were still active in pursuing reform. The party supported fairer railroad policies and crusaded for tariff reform.[4] The party also supported the large scale railroad strikes that sprung up statewide. The corruption of the time in both the railroad companies and the government led to a change in political dynamic. The people of the state moved away from both of the main parties and the Progressive Movement began.

While the Progressives were successful in creating positive reform and chasing out corruption, the movement drained away many of the Democratic Party's members. As their movement ended, the Republicans won the governorship, but the Democratic Party had a distinct voter advantage.

In 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president, and the Power balance between the Republicans and the Democrats in California equalized. However, as Roosevelt's New Deal policies began to raise the nation out of the depression, Democratic strength mounted. Culbert Olson was elected to the governorship, but his term was rocky, and both parties organized against him. Shortly thereafter, Earl Warren and the Republicans regained power again.

The California Democratic Party needed a new strategy to regain power in the state. A strategy of re-organization and popular mobilization emerged and resulted in the creation of the California Democratic Council. The CDC, as it became known, was a way for members of the party from all levels of government to come together, and, as such, the party became more unified. A new network of politically minded civilians and elected officials emerged, and the party was stronger for it.[5] Despite the fact that the council struggled in the Cold War era, due to Republican strength and issues such as the Vietnam War, it still exists today.[6]

1990s

By 1992, California was hurting more than most states from a national recession which had started in 1990, causing incumbent Republican president George H. W. Bush's approval rating to tank within the state, giving an opening for the Democratic party to break through and eventually become the largest party. Starting with the double digit victory of Bill Clinton, this became the first time a Democrat had carried the state of California since 1964. Afterwards, a consolidation of the Latino and Asian vote would strengthen the Democratic party's hold in California, when these groups had previously been considered core Republican supporters within the state.

The California Democratic Party began re-organizing in 1991, and in 1992, the party won the greatest victories in the history of California. President Clinton won California's 54 electoral votes, and two women, Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer, were elected as U.S. senators.

Even though redistricting (re-apportionment) was executed by a Republican State Supreme Court, California Democrats in November 1992 had increased their margin at all levels—congressional, state assembly and in the state senate.

In 1994, California Democrats suffered a setback by losing the governor's race for the fourth time in a row, and the Democrats became a minority in the State Assembly. However, despite $29 million spent by Republican U.S. Senate candidate Michael Huffington, Democratic incumbent U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein won re-election.

The 1996 elections proved to be a dramatic turnaround from the results of 1994, as President Bill Clinton won California's 54 electoral votes for a second consecutive time. Three Republican congressmen were also defeated, including Bob Dornan in the conservative stronghold of Orange County. In addition, California Democrats also regained the majority in the State Assembly, while adding to their majority in the state senate.

Файл:Gray Davis, portrait.jpg
Davis's official biography profile as governor

1998 was a banner year for California Democrats. An overwhelming majority of Californians elected Gray Davis, the first Democratic governor in 16 years, and re-elected U.S. Senator Barbara Boxer. Six of eight candidates for statewide constitutional offices won, including Lieutenant Governor Cruz Bustamante, Attorney General Bill Lockyer, Treasurer Phil Angelides, Controller Kathleen Connell, and State Superintendent of Public Instruction Delaine Eastin. In addition, California Democrats increased their majority in the State Assembly from 43 to 48, and also in the state senate from 23 to 25.

21st century

Holding off a national Republican trend in 2002, California Democrats won all eight statewide offices for the first time since 1882. Governor Gray Davis, Lieutenant Governor Cruz Bustamante, Attorney General Bill Lockyer, and State Treasurer Phil Angelides were all re-elected, while Steve Westly was elected State Controller, Kevin Shelley was elected Secretary of State, John Garamendi was elected Insurance Commissioner, and Jack O'Connell was elected State Superintendent of Public Instruction.

This feat (winning all statewide offices) was repeated in 2010, when, despite massive Republican gains nationwide, the California Democratic Party swept all the statewide offices being contested, maintained its 34–19 edge in the 53-member U.S. House delegation, and won one additional seat (thus increasing their majority) in the State Assembly, while maintaining their current majority in the state senate.

In the 2012 election, California Democrats experienced tremendous success once again: Not only did President Barack Obama win California's 55 electoral votes again, with over 60% of the vote, and Senator Dianne Feinstein was re-elected with over 62% of the vote, but California Democrats – despite running in federal and legislative districts that were redrawn by an independent redistricting commission for the first time, per the passage of Propositions 11 and 20, and the implementation of a new blanket primary – also won a net gain of four House seats by defeating three GOP incumbents and winning an open GOP seat, and won a supermajority in both houses of the state legislature, a feat which the party last accomplished in 1882.[7] Geographically, the 2012 elections also witnessed the California Democratic Party make inroads in traditionally Republican areas: San Diego, the second largest city in California and a long-time GOP stronghold, elected a Democratic mayor for the first time since 1988.[8] California Democrats also notched up victories in other traditionally Republican areas, such as the Inland Empire, Ventura County, the Central Valley, and Orange County.[9]

Governance

The California Democratic Party is a "political party that has detailed statutory provisions applicable to its operation", which are in division 7, part 2 of the California Elections Code.[10][11][12] The Democratic State Central Committee, which is the governing body of the California Democratic Party, functions pursuant to its standing rules and bylaws.[13][14] The Democratic State Central Committee is composed of approximately 2,900 members that are appointed by Democratic elected officials and nominees, elected by county central committees, and elected in Assembly district election meetings, in roughly equal proportion.[15] The executive board is composed of approximately 320 members and holds all powers and duties of the California Democratic Party while the state central committee or its conventions are not in session.[15][16]

There are semi-autonomous county central committees for each of California's 58 counties. Each county central committee elects 4 members, plus a member for each 10,000 registered Democrats in that county, to the state central committee.[15][17] The state central committee bylaws specify that county central committees may provide for the election of their allocation of membership on an at-large basis, or by county supervisor districts or Assembly districts, or by any combination thereof.[18]

"Assembly district election meetings" are held biennially in January in every odd-numbered year (immediately after elections for the governor and president) within each of California's 80 Assembly districts.[15][19] Participation is open to all registered Democrats within the Assembly district.[20] Each meeting elects 14 members to the state central committee, divided as equally as possible between men and women.[21]

County central committees

At every direct primary election, a county central committee is elected in each county.[22] The California Elections Code specifies how county central committee members are elected.[23] Candidates for county central committees are nominated pursuant to division 8, part 1, chapter 1 of the Elections Code,[24] which defines requirements such as the number of Democratic registered voters required (20–40) to sign a nomination.[25][26] A county central committee may also select its members at any time by holding a caucus or convention or by using any other method of selection approved by the committee.[27] If the number of candidates nominated for election does not exceed the number of candidates to be elected, the candidates are not listed on the ballots, but are instead declared elected by the board of supervisors.[28]

County central committees
County party Elected members
Los Angeles County Democratic Party There are 7 county central committee members elected at-large by Democratic voters in each California State Assembly district contained wholly or partially within Los Angeles County.[29][30]
San Diego County Democratic Party There are 6 county central committee members elected by Democratic voters in each California State Assembly district contained within San Diego County.[31][32]
Orange County Democratic Party There are 6 county central committee members elected by Democratic voters in each California State Assembly district contained within Orange County at the primary election in each even numbered year.[31][33][34]
Santa Clara County Democratic Party There are 6 county central committee members elected by Democratic voters in each California State Assembly district contained within Santa Clara County.[31][35][36]
Alameda County Democratic Party There are 6 county central committee members elected by Democratic voters in each California State Assembly district contained within Alameda County.[31][37]
Sacramento County Democratic Party There are 6 county central committee members elected by Democratic voters in each supervisor district in Sacramento County.[38]
San Francisco Democratic Party The 24-member county central committee is elected from the two Assembly districts in San Francisco, with a 14/10 member split between the two Assembly districts based on number of registered Democrats.[39][40]
San Mateo County Democratic Party There are 22 elected members of the San Mateo County Democratic Central Committee. They are elected by Democratic voters in each County Supervisor District every four years in the presidential election cycle.[41]
Santa Cruz County Democratic Party There are 21 elected members of the Santa Cruz County Democratic Central Committee. They are elected by Democratic voters in each County Supervisor District every four years in the presidential election cycle.[42]
Fresno County Democratic Party There are 23 elected members of the Fresno County Democratic Central Committee. They are elected by Democratic voters in each County Supervisor District every four years in the presidential election cycle.[43]

List of chairs

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Organization

The Democratic State Central Committee of the California Democratic Party of California is organized into nine standing committees: Platform, Resolutions, Rules, Legislation, Affirmative Action, Credentials, Finance, Organizational Development, and Voter Services.[56] Its headquarters are at 1830 9th St Sacramento, California.[57]

Platform

The California Democratic Party published a 2022 platform.

Current elected officials

The following is a list of Democratic statewide and legislative officeholders, as of January 2, 2023 (federal office holders as of January 20, 2021);

Statewide constitutional officers

After the last election, Democrats maintained control over all eight elected statewide constitutional offices:

Federal executive officials

Federal officeholders for the 118th United States Congress

U.S. Senate

Both of California's seats in the U.S. Senate have been under Democratic control since 1992:

U.S. House of Representatives

Of the 52 seats California is apportioned in the U.S. House following the 2020 census, 40 are held by Democrats:[70][71]

Файл:Official photo of Speaker Nancy Pelosi in 2019.jpg
Nancy Pelosi, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives 2007–2011 and 2019–2023

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Board of Equalization, State Senate, and State Assembly

Board of Equalization

Democrats hold four of the five seats on the State Board of Equalization: three of the four district-based seats, and the at-large ex officio seat reserved for the incumbent State Controller, who, in this instance, is Democrat Malia Cohen.

State Senate

As of December 2022, Democrats hold a 32–8 supermajority in the 40-member California State Senate.[72] The Democrats have been the majority party in the Senate continuously since 1956.

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State Assembly

As of December 2022, Democrats hold a 62–18 supermajority in the 80-seat California State Assembly.[74] The Democrats have been the majority party in the Assembly continuously since 1996.

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Mayoral offices

Most of the state's major cities have Democratic mayors. As of 2023, Democrats control the mayor's offices in eight of California's ten largest cities:

Election results

Presidential

California Democratic Party presidential election results
Election Presidential Ticket Votes Vote % Electoral votes Result
1852 Franklin Pierce/William R. King 40,721 53.02% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Won
1856 James Buchanan/John C. Breckinridge 53,342 48.38% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Won
1860 Stephen A. Douglas/Herschel V. Johnson 37,999 31.71% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1864 George B. McClellan/George H. Pendleton 43,837 41.40% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1868 Horatio Seymour/Francis Preston Blair Jr. 54,068 49.76% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1872 Horace Greeley/Benjamin G. Brown (Liberal Republican) 40,717 42.51% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1876 Samuel J. Tilden/Thomas A. Hendricks 76,460 49.08% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1880 Winfield S. Hancock/William H. English 80,426 48.98% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1884 Grover Cleveland/Thomas A. Hendricks 89,288 45.33% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Won
1888 Grover Cleveland/Allen G. Thurman 117,729 46.84% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1892 Grover Cleveland/Adlai E. Stevenson 118,174 43.83% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Won
1896 William Jennings Bryan/Arthur Sewall 144,766 48.51% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1900 William Jennings Bryan/Adlai E. Stevenson 124,985 41.34% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1904 Alton B. Parker/Henry G. Davis 89,404 26.94% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1908 William Jennings Bryan/John W. Kern 127,492 32.98% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1912 Woodrow Wilson/Thomas R. Marshall 283,436 41.81% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Won
1916 Woodrow Wilson/Thomas R. Marshall 466,289 46.65% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Won
1920 James M. Cox/Franklin D. Roosevelt 229,191 24.28% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1924 John W. Davis/Charles W. Bryan 105,514 8.23% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1928 Al Smith/Joseph T. Robinson 614,365 34.19% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt/John N. Garner 1,324,157 58.39% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Won
1936 Franklin D. Roosevelt/John N. Garner 1,766,836 66.95% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Won
1940 Franklin D. Roosevelt/Henry A. Wallace 1,877,618 57.44% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Won
1944 Franklin D. Roosevelt/Harry S. Truman 1,988,564 56.48% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Won
1948 Harry S. Truman/Alben W. Barkley 1,913,134 47.57% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Won
1952 Adlai Stevenson/John Sparkman 2,257,646 42.27% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1956 Adlai Stevenson/Estes Kefauver 2,420,135 44.27% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1960 John F. Kennedy/Lyndon B. Johnson 3,224,099 49.55% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Won
1964 Lyndon B. Johnson/Hubert Humphrey 4,171,877 59.11% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Won
1968 Hubert Humphrey/Edmund Muskie 3,244,318 44.74% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1972 George McGovern/Sargent Shriver 3,475,847 41.54% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1976 Jimmy Carter/Walter Mondale 3,742,284 47.57% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Won
1980 Jimmy Carter/Walter Mondale 3,083,661 35.91% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1984 Walter Mondale/Geraldine Ferraro 3,922,519 41.27% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1988 Michael Dukakis/Lloyd Bentsen 4,702,233 47.56% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
1992 Bill Clinton/Al Gore 5,121,325 46.01% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Won
1996 Bill Clinton/Al Gore 5,119,835 51.10% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Won
2000 Al Gore/Joe Lieberman 5,861,203 53.45% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
2004 John Kerry/John Edwards 6,745,485 54.31% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
2008 Barack Obama/Joe Biden 8,274,473 61.01% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Won
2012 Barack Obama/Joe Biden 7,854,285 60.24% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Won
2016 Hillary Clinton/Tim Kaine 8,753,788 61.73% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Lost
2020 Joe Biden/Kamala Harris 11,110,250 63.48% Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Won

Gubernatorial

California Democratic Party gubernatorial election results
Election Gubernatorial candidate Votes Vote % Result
1849 Did not endorse a candidate
1851 John Bigler 23,175 50.48% Won Шаблон:Y
1853 John Bigler 38,940 50.97% Won Шаблон:Y
1855 John Bigler 46,225 47.47% Lost Шаблон:N
1857 John B. Weller 53,122 56.71% Won Шаблон:Y
1859 John Currey 31,298 30.46% Lost Шаблон:N
1861 John Conness 30,944 25.63% Lost Шаблон:N
1863 John G. Downey 44,622 40.97% Lost Шаблон:N
1867 Henry Huntly Haight 49,895 54.03% Won Шаблон:Y
1871 Henry Huntly Haight 57,520 47.89% Lost Шаблон:N
1875 William Irwin 61,509 50.03% Won Шаблон:Y
1879 Hugh J. Glenn 47,667 29.75% Lost Шаблон:N
1882 George Stoneman 90,694 55.08% Won Шаблон:Y
1886 Washington Bartlett 84,965 43.43% Won Шаблон:Y
1890 Edward B. Pond 117,184 46.42% Lost Шаблон:N
1894 James Budd 111,944 39.34% Won Шаблон:Y
1898 James G. Maguire 129,261 45.03% Lost Шаблон:N
1902 Franklin Knight Lane 143,783 47.22% Lost Шаблон:N
1906 Theodore Arlington Bell 117,645 37.7% Lost Шаблон:N
1910 Theodore Arlington Bell 154,835 40.14% Lost Шаблон:N
1914 J. B. Curtin 116,121 12.53% Lost Шаблон:N
1918 Did not field a candidate
1922 Thomas Lee Woolwine 347,530 35.98% Lost Шаблон:N
1926 Justus Wardell 282,451 24.69% Lost Шаблон:N
1930 Milton K. Young 333,973 24.13% Lost Шаблон:N
1934 Upton Sinclair 879,537 37.75% Lost Шаблон:N
1938 Culbert Olson 1,391,734 52.49% Won Шаблон:Y
1942 Culbert Olson 932,995 41.75% Lost Шаблон:N
1946 Earl Warren (Republican) won party primary
1950 James Roosevelt 1,333,856 35.14% Lost Шаблон:N
1954 Richard P. Graves 1,739,368 43.16% Lost Шаблон:N
1958 Pat Brown 3,140,076 59.75% Won Шаблон:Y
1962 Pat Brown 3,037,109 51.94% Won Шаблон:Y
1966 Pat Brown 2,749,174 42.27% Lost Шаблон:N
1970 Jesse Unruh 2,938,607 45.14% Lost Шаблон:N
1974 Jerry Brown 3,131,648 50.11% Won Шаблон:Y
1978 Jerry Brown 3,878,812 56.05% Won Шаблон:Y
1982 Tom Bradley 3,787,669 48.09% Lost Шаблон:N
1986 Tom Bradley 2,781,714 37.38% Lost Шаблон:N
1990 Dianne Feinstein 3,525,197 45.78% Lost Шаблон:N
1994 Kathleen Brown 3,519,799 40.62% Lost Шаблон:N
1998 Gray Davis 4,860,702 57.97% Won Шаблон:Y
2002 Gray Davis 3,533,490 47.26% Won Шаблон:Y
2003 (recall) Cruz Bustamante (best-performing) 2,724,874 31.5% Lost Шаблон:N
2006 Phil Angelides 3,376,732 38.91% Lost Шаблон:N
2010 Jerry Brown 5,428,149 53.8% Won Шаблон:Y
2014 Jerry Brown 4,388,368 59.97% Won Шаблон:Y
2018 Gavin Newsom 7,721,410 61.95% Won Шаблон:Y
2021 (recall) Kevin Paffrath (best-performing) 706,778 9.6% Recall failed
2022 Gavin Newsom 6,470,104 59.2% Won Шаблон:Y

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Authority control Шаблон:CaliforniaPoliticalParties Шаблон:U.S. Democratic Party state parties

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Williams Hal, "The Democratic Party and California Politics 1880 – 1896" (Stanford University Press, California, 1973)
  5. ↑ Bell Jonathan, "Social Democracy and the Rise of the Democratic Party in California 1950 – 1964" The Historical Journal
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ California Elections Code § 7050
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  12. ↑ Eu v. San Francisco County Democratic Central Committee (1989), 489 U.S. 214 Шаблон:Webarchive. "The State of California heavily regulates its political parties. … The California Elections Code (Code) provides that the 'official governing bodies' for such a party are its 'state convention,' 'state central committee,' and 'county central committees,' …"
  13. ↑ California Elections Code § 7150
  14. ↑ By-Laws & Rules of the California Democratic Party Шаблон:Webarchive. July 2012.
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 15,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ By-Laws Article VII, § 1(a)
  17. ↑ By-Laws Article II, § 4(a)
  18. ↑ By-Laws Article II, § 4(f)
  19. ↑ By-Laws Article VI, § 1(a)(1)
  20. ↑ By-Laws Article VI, § 1(a)(2)
  21. ↑ By-Laws Article II, § 1(a)(4), § 5(a), § 5(b)
  22. ↑ California Elections Code § 7225 et seq.
  23. ↑ California Elections Code §§ 7200–7216
  24. ↑ California Elections Code § 7227
  25. ↑ California Elections Code § 8062
  26. ↑ California Elections Code § 8068
  27. ↑ California Elections Code § 7230
  28. ↑ California Elections Code § 7228
  29. ↑ California Elections Code § 7203
  30. ↑ Constitution and By-Laws of the Los Angeles County Democratic Central Committee Шаблон:Webarchive, 10 April 2012, p. 2
  31. ↑ 31,0 31,1 31,2 31,3 California Elections Code § 7202
  32. ↑ San Diego County Democratic Party Bylaws Шаблон:Webarchive, 20 November 2012, Article 2, § 1(B)(2)
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  34. ↑ Orange County Democratic Central Committee Bylaws Шаблон:Webarchive, August 2009, Article II, § 1(A)
  35. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  36. ↑ Santa Clara County Democratic Central Committee By-Laws Шаблон:Webarchive, § II.A.1.
  37. ↑ Bylaws of the Alameda County Democratic Central Committee Шаблон:Webarchive, August 7, 2013, Article II, § 2
  38. ↑ Sacramento County Democratic Central Committee Constitution Шаблон:Webarchive, March 2013, Article II, § 1(B)(1)
  39. ↑ California Elections Code § 7204
  40. ↑ San Francisco Democratic County Central Committee Bylaws Шаблон:Dead link, 23 January 2013, Article 2, § 1(a)(1)
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