Английская Википедия:California River

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Шаблон:Short description California River is the name of a northeastward flowing river system that existed in the Cretaceous-Eocene in the western United States. It is so named because it flowed from the Mojave region of California to the Uinta Basin of Utah, transporting sediments along this track towards Lake Uinta.

Course

The river originated in the North American Cordillera of CaliforniaШаблон:EfnШаблон:Sfn in the MojaveШаблон:Sfn/Alisitos arc,Шаблон:Sfn between the Nevadaplano farther north and the Mexicoplano farther south.Шаблон:Sfn It then flowed east-northeastward between the Sevier fold-and-thrust belt to the north and the Maria fold-and-thrust belt to the south. It continued northeastward between the Kaibab and the Circle Cliffs uplift and eventually turned due north between the Uncompahgre and San Rafael swells.Шаблон:Sfn The course of the river extended over Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn Ancestral Little Colorado River was a tributary, and the ancestral Mogollon Highlands also drained in this river system.Шаблон:Sfn

The river ended in the Uinta BasinШаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn and Lake Uinta in present-day UtahШаблон:Sfn roughly where the Green River exits the basin,Шаблон:Sfn forming a river delta that today comprises the voluminous Colton FormationШаблон:Sfn and with its sediment covering an area of over Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn The so-called "Sunnyside Delta" has also been interpreted as a product of the California River.Шаблон:Sfn

In the Paleocene, this river system may have formed the headwater of river systems that ended in the Gulf of MexicoШаблон:Sfn through a paleo-Platte RiverШаблон:Sfn and before that it may have drained into the Arctic Ocean.Шаблон:Sfn A drainage through the Little Colorado River valley towards the San Juan Basin is also possible but there is no evidence,Шаблон:Sfn and petrological information on sediments excludes that the Piceance Creek Basin as an endpoint of California River waters.Шаблон:Sfn

This river system was of similar scale to the present-day Colorado River-Green River system, but with opposite direction.Шаблон:Sfn Analogies have been drawn between the California River and the present-day Ili River in Central Asia, both in terms of its geomorphology and the sizes and shapes of their deltas and terminal lakes.Шаблон:Sfn

Hydrology

The river had a highШаблон:Sfn but variable discharge, which has been documented from the delta deposits.Шаблон:Sfn

Geological history and present-day evidence

The age of the Western Grand Canyon is controversial, with evidence both of an old Mesozoic and a young Neozoic age. In the former case,Шаблон:Sfn it is possible that the river created an early Grand Canyon during the CampanianШаблон:Sfn or the Paleocene.Шаблон:Sfn

The California River has been proposed to explain the origin of the deltaic Colton Formation, as it has a high volume and similar source rocks are rare in the area of the Uinta Basin. Rock formations of similar origin occur in southeastern California and southwestern ArizonaШаблон:Sfn and may have been located along the same drainage.Шаблон:Sfn Eroded material from the Kaiparowits Formation probably did not contribute much to the formation of the Colton Formation.Шаблон:Sfn The existence of the California river and whether the river that formed the deltaic Colton Formation and the early Grand Canyon were the same are subject to debate.Шаблон:Sfn

A similar, but more north-northeasterly drainage to the present-day Kaiparowits Plateau may have existed during the Turonian.Шаблон:Sfn During the Cretaceous and Paleogene, the beginning Laramide orogeny disrupted drainages in what today are the western United States, forming several closed basins where drainage ponded from as far as California.Шаблон:Sfn The California River existed in the Paleocene and Eocene.Шаблон:Sfn During the Paleocene, the collapse of the continental borderland and the Laramide orogeny reversed the course of the California River.Шаблон:Sfn In the Eocene, the drainage divide migrated northeastward.Шаблон:Sfn

Notes

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References

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Sources

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External links

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