Английская Википедия:California World War II Army Airfields
Шаблон:Infobox military structure During World War II, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) established numerous airfields in California for training pilots and aircrews of USAAF fighters and bombers.
Most of these airfields were under the command of Fourth Air Force or the Army Air Forces Training Command (AAFTC). However, Air Technical Service Command (ATSC), Air Transport Command (ATC) and I Troop Carrier Command used a significant number of airfields in a support role. A significant number of them had operational squadrons for air defense of the Pacific coastline and anti-submarine patrols, and one was even handed over to Civil Air Patrol pilots for their use.
In addition to the major fields, dozens of minor auxiliary fields and airstrips were built, generally to provide more room for basic flight training, but also to support other operations. A few of these were designed as "fallback fields" for launching defensive operations in case of a Japanese invasion.
Most Army airfields were built with three runways in a triangle, with parking ramp areas adjacent to one runway. This triangular configuration allowed rapid construction, without regard to the direction of the prevailing winds. Navy fields were generally built with two runways in a cross, with a third runway intersecting the other two at an angle.
There were, of course, other designs, including single-runway fields. Most noteworthy were "landing mats," large concrete squares, hexagons and circles, which allowed takeoffs and landings in any direction.
Following the war, many bases and auxiliary fields were given to local governments or returned to service as municipal airports. Often, budget constraints caused the new owners to close or even remove the "extra" runways, retaining only those that faced into the prevailing winds. In at least one case (Orland), large portions of a landing mat were removed, leaving a conventional runway and ramp.
Several fields were retained as United States Air Force installations and were front-line bases during the Cold War, or used for experimental aviation, the most notable of these being Edwards Air Force Base.
A few were sold or given back to private owners, generally to be returned to agricultural use, while a handful have become private airports. A number of fields were simply abandoned, due to their remote locations, and the remains of these can still be found, especially in the Mojave Desert.
Major airfields
Fourth Air Force
The mission of Fourth Air Force was the air defense of the West Coast, operating two air defense wings in California (Los Angeles and San Francisco). It also provided operational training of newly formed groups and squadrons in combat aircraft prior to their deployment to overseas combat theaters. After April 1944, operational training was changed to replacement training of newly commissioned pilots in combat fighters from the AAF Training Command advanced flying schools. Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-break
- Briefly used in 1941 While Hammer Army Airfield under construction
- Now: Fresno Chandler Executive Airport Шаблон:Airport codes
- Chico Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert north of Chico
- Army Air Forces Basic Flying School / Army Air Force Pilot School, Basic, 24 March 1942–25 April 1944
- 10th Base Headquarters an Air Base Squadron, 12 July 1942–25 April 1944
- 433rd Army Air Force Base Unit (Combat Crew Training Station, Fighter), 25 April 1944–31 October 1945
- Now: Chico Municipal Airport
Шаблон:Airport codes - Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Hamilton Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert, Novato, north of San Rafael
- Air Base Squadron, 45th Air Base Group / 46th Air Base Squadron/ 46th Base Headquarters and Air Base Squadron, 25 August 1940–1 April 1944
- 460th Army Air Force Base Unit (Base Services, Air Transport Command), 1 April 1944–8 May 1946
- Hq, West Coast Wing, Air Transport Command, 1 August 1944–4 December 1945
- Was: Hamilton Air Force Base (1947–1976)
- Now: Part of the Hamilton Wetland Restoration Project
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Hammer Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert northeast of Fresno
- Joint Use with United States Navy (NATS)
- 50th Air Base Squadron / 50th Base Headquarters and Air Base Squadron, 2 August 1941–31 March 1944
- 450th Army Air Force Base Unit (Combat Crew Training Station, Night Fighter), 1 April 1944–15 March 1946
- Now: Файл:Roundel of the USAF.svg Fresno Air National Guard Base Шаблон:Airport codes
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Lemoore Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert southwest of Lemoore
- Air Corps Basic Flying School / AAF Basic Flying School / AAF Pilot School, Basic; 30 November 1941–1 June 1944
- 88th Air Base Squadron / 88th Base Headquarters and Air Base Squadron; 12 December 1941–30 April 1944
- 3023rd Army Air Force Base Unit (Pilot School, Basic); 1 May 1944–1 June 1944
- 461st Army Air Force Base Unit (Processing In); 1 June 1944–10 November 1945
- Now: non-flying agricultural use.
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- March Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert southeast of Riverside
- Base Headquarters and 4th Air Base Squadron; 1 September 1936–1 September 1940
- 4th Air Base Group; 1 September 1940–15 January 1941
- Air Base Squadron, 32nd Air Base Group / 31st Air Base Squadron / 31st Base Headquarters and Air Base Squadron; 15 January 1941–31 March 1944
- 420th Army Air Force Base Unit (Combat Crew Training Station, Heavy Bombardment); 1 April 1944–31 March 1946
- Was: March Air Force Base (1947–1993)
- Now: Файл:Roundel of the USAF.svg March Air Reserve Base
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Marysville Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert south of Marysville.
- Muroc Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert southeast of Mojave
- 323rd Air Base Sq / 323rd Base Headquarters and Air Base Sq; 1 May 1942–31 March 1944
- 421st Army Air Force Base Unit (Combat Crew Training Station, Heavy Bombardment); 1 April 1944–16 October 1945
- Now: Файл:Roundel of the USAF.svg Edwards Air Force Base
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Ontario Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert east of Ontario
- Salinas Army Air Base, Шаблон:Convert southeast of Salinas
- 301st Base Headquarters and Air Base Squadron
- Also used by Air Transport Command
- Now: Salinas Municipal Airport Шаблон:Airport codes
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- 483d Army Air Force Base Unit
- Now: Santa Maria Public Airport Шаблон:Airport codes
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Santa Rosa Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert northwest of Santa Rosa
- Thermal Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert southwest of Thermal
- Joint Use with United States Navy
- VI Air Support Command (AGF)
- 475th Army Air Force Base Unit
- Now: Jacqueline Cochran Regional Airport
Шаблон:Airport codes
- 505th Army Air Force Base Unit
- Was: Van Nuys Air National Guard Base (1946–1990)
- Now: Van Nuys Airport Шаблон:Airport codes
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Grand Central Air Terminal
- Oxnard Flight Strip
- Was: Oxnard Air Force Base (1951–1970)
- Now: Camarillo Airport
AAF Training Command
Training Command airfields in California provided Primary, Basic and Advanced (both single and multi-engine) pilot training under the Army Air Force Flying Training Command. Mather AAF provided Navigator Training. Training Command also provided technical aircraft support training to both enlisted and officer personnel at aircraft delivery fields, operated by manufacturers such as North American, Douglas, Northrup, Lockheed and Consolidated Aircraft. Santa Ana AAB provided basic indoctrination training to new enlisted personnel and also pilot qualification screening for prospective air cadets. Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-break
- Gardner Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert southeast of Taft
- 63d Army Air Force Base Unit
- Now: Agricultural Use
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Mather Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert east of Sacramento
- 67th Army Air Force Base Unit
- Also used by: Air Transport Command
- Was: Mather Air Force Base (1947–1993)
- Now: Sacramento Mather Airport
Шаблон:Airport codes - Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Victorville Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert northwest of Victorville
- 87th Army Air Force Base Unit
- Was: George Air Force Base (1947–1992)
- Now: Southern California Logistics Airport
Шаблон:Airport codes - Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Santa Ana Army Air Base, Шаблон:Convert south of Santa Ana
- 414th Army Air Force Base Unit
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Minter Field Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert northwest of Bakersfield
- 64th Army Air Force Base Unit
- Now: Shafter-Minter Field Airport
Шаблон:Airport codes - Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Stockton Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert south of Stockton
- 60th Army Air Force Base Unit
- Also used by: Air Transport Command
- Now: Stockton Metropolitan Airport
Шаблон:Airport codes - Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Merced Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert northwest of Merced
- HQ Continental Air Forces
- 90th Army Air Force Base Unit
- Was: Castle Air Force Base (1947–1995)
- Now: Castle Airport Шаблон:Airport codes
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
AAF contract flying schools
Private flying schools operated under contract by Flying Training Command, providing primary pilot training to new air cadets. Although training was provided by civilian contractors and instruction was provided by civilian instructors, the schools were commanded by military personnel and were operated as a military base. These schools operated from early 1942 until being phased out in mid-1944. Graduates then advanced to regular Training Command flight schools for Basic and Advanced training. Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-break
- Eagle Field, Шаблон:Convert southeast of Dos Palos
- Шаблон:Airport codes
- Operated by: Coast Aviation Corporation
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Gary Field, Шаблон:Convert northwest of Blythe
- Operated by: Morton Air Academy
- Now: W R Byron Airport (Private) Шаблон:Airport codes
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Hancock Field, Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Santa Maria
- Operated by: Allen Hancock College of Aeronautics
- Now: Closed about 1959, now Allan Hancock College
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Lone Pine Airport, Шаблон:Convert southeast of Lone Pine
- Шаблон:Airport codes
- Operated by: Undetermined
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- King City Airport, Шаблон:Convert southeast of King City
- Operated by: Undetermined
- Now: Mesa Del Rey Airport Шаблон:Airport codes
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- McChesney Field, Шаблон:Convert southeast of San Luis Obispo
- Operated by: Undetermined
- Now: San Luis Obispo County Regional Airport Шаблон:Airport codes
- Rankin Field, Шаблон:Convert southeast of Tulare
- Operated by: Rankin Aeronauticial Academy, Inc.
- Now: Agricultural use
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Ryan Field, Шаблон:Convert southwest of Hemet
- Operated by: Ryan School of Aeronautics
- Now: Hemet-Ryan Airport Шаблон:Airport codes
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Sequoia Field, Шаблон:Convert north of Visalia
- Шаблон:Airport codes
- Operated by: Visalia-Dinuba School of Aeronautics
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Operated by: Mira Loma Flight Academy
- Also used by United States Navy as a NAAS to NAS San Diego
- Now: Oxnard Airport,Шаблон:Airport codes
- War Eagle Field, Шаблон:Convert west of Lancaster
- Operated by: Polaris Flight Academy
- Now: Detention Facility
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
Air Transport Command
Airfields were used for transport of personnel, supplies and equipment. Also for ferrying replacement aircraft to overseas units (Primarily Pacific Theater and Alaska). Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-break
- Fairfield-Suisun Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert southeast of Fairfield.
- Station #10, Air Transport Command, Pacific Wing
- 1504th Army Air Forces Base Unit
- Now: Файл:Roundel of the USAF.svg Travis Air Force Base Шаблон:Airport codes
- Oakland Municipal Airport, Шаблон:Convert northeast of Oakland
- 20th Ferrying Group
- 507th Army Air Force Base Unit
- Now: Oakland International Airport Шаблон:Airport codes
- Emergency landing field for Reno Army Air Base, Nevada (ATC)
- Later: Amedee Army Airfield Шаблон:Airport codes
- 21st Ferrying Group
- 459th Army Air Force Base Unit
- Also used by the United States Navy (Ferrying Service)
- Now: Palm Springs International Airport Шаблон:Airport codes
- San Francisco Municipal Airport, Шаблон:Convert southeast of San Francisco
- Port of Embarkation
- San Francisco Fighter Wing (4th Air Force)
- Now: San Francisco International Airport Шаблон:Airport codes
- Also: Файл:Roundel of the USAF.svg Coast Guard Air Station San Francisco
Technical Service Command
Provided aircraft modification prior to overseas deployment and also depot-level repair and maintenance services. Technical Service Command also operated acceptance centers for newly manufactured aircraft in Southern California, then ATC Ferrying Command transferred the new aircraft to various airfields or modification centers prior to deployment to operational units. Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-break
- McClellan Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert northeast of Sacramento
- 4895th Army Air Force Base Unit
- Sacramento Air Depot
- Was: McClellan Air Force Base (1947–2001)
- Now: McClellan Airfield Шаблон:Airport codes
- Also: Файл:Roundel of the USAF.svg Coast Guard Air Station Sacramento
- San Bernardino Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert southeast of San Bernardino
- 499th Army Air Force Base Unit
- San Bernardino Air Depot
- Was: Norton Air Force Base (1947–1994)
- Now: San Bernardino International Airport Шаблон:Airport codes
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Delivery airport for Douglas Aircraft (A-20, B-18, C-47)
- Delivery airport for Vultee Aircraft (BT-13)
- Now: Santa Monica Airport Шаблон:Airport codes
- Joint Use: United States Navy
- Delivery airport for Northrop Aircraft (P-61)
- Also used by Technical Training Command
- Now: Jack Northrop Field/Hawthorne Municipal Airport Шаблон:Airport codes
- Delivery airport for Consolidated Aircraft (PBY, B-24)
- Now: San Diego International Airport Шаблон:Airport codes
- Also: Файл:Roundel of the USAF.svg Coast Guard Air Station San Diego
- Known sub-bases and auxiliaries
- Lockheed Air Terminal, Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Burbank.
- Delivery airport for Lockheed Aircraft (P-38, B-17, PV-2, C-69)
- Also used by Technical Training Command
- Now: Bob Hope Airport Шаблон:Airport codes
- Long Beach Army Airfield, Шаблон:Convert northeast of Long Beach
- 6th Ferrying Group (Air Transport Command)
- Delivery airport for Douglas Aircraft (B-17, A-26, C-47)
- 348th Army Air Force Base Unit
- Now: Long Beach Airport Шаблон:Airport codes
- Lomita Flight Strip, Шаблон:Convert southwest of Downtown Torrance
- Mines Field (Los Angeles Municipal Airport), Шаблон:Convert southwest of Los Angeles.
- Delivery airport for North American Aviation (AT-6, P-51, B-25)
- Delivery airport for Douglas Aircraft (SBD Dauntless)
- Aerial Port of Embarkation (Air Transport Command)
- Los Angeles Fighter Wing (4th Air Force)
- Also used by Technical Training Command
- Now: Los Angeles International Airport Шаблон:Airport codes
- Also: Файл:Roundel of the USAF.svg Coast Guard Air Station Los Angeles
- Delivery airfield for Douglas Aircraft (C-54)
- Now: Santa Monica Municipal Airport Шаблон:Airport codes
Known secondary facilities
- Furnace Creek Emergency Landing Field, Шаблон:Convert west of Furnace Creek (Army and Navy use)
- San Jose Municipal Airport, Шаблон:Convert northwest of San Jose (Civil Air Patrol)
Desert Training Center
Шаблон:Main Desert Training Center's California Army Airfields built to support General Patton's many desert training camps. Patton's HQ was at Camp Young.[1]
- Major airfields
- Blythe Army Air Base
- Desert Center Army Airfield
- Thermal Army Airfield
- Rice Army Airfield
- Shavers Summit Army Airfield (now Chiriaco Summit Airport)
- Minor airfields
- Camp Coxcomb Army Field (abandoned)
- Camp Essex Army Field (abandoned)
- Camp Goffs Army Field (abandoned)
- Camp Ibis Army Field (abandoned)
- Camp Iron Mountain Army Field
See also
- Air Transport Command (World War II)
- California during World War II
- List of airports in the Los Angeles area
References
Шаблон:Air Force Historical Research Agency Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Refbegin
- Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units Of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. Шаблон:ISBN.
- Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947–1977. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. Шаблон:ISBN.
- Thole, Lou (1999), Forgotten Fields of America : World War II Bases and Training, Then and Now. Vol. 2. Pictorial Histories Pub. Шаблон:ISBN
- Military Airfields in World War II – California
- Шаблон:Cite book Шаблон:LCC
Шаблон:USAAF Training Bases World War II Шаблон:USAAF 4th Air Force World War II
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in California
- Defunct airports in California
- 1940s in California
- California history-related lists
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии