Английская Википедия:Cambodian People's Party

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox political party The Cambodian People's Party (CPP)Шаблон:Efn is a Cambodian political party which has ruled the country since 1979. Founded in 1951, it was originally known as the Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party (KPRP).Шаблон:Efn

During the Cold War it allied itself with Vietnam and the Soviet Union, in contrast to the pro-Chinese Communist Party of Kampuchea led by Pol Pot.[1] After toppling the Khmer Rouge's Democratic Kampuchea regime with the Vietnamese-backed liberation of Phnom Penh, it became the ruling party of the People's Republic of Kampuchea (1979–1989), which was later renamed the State of Cambodia (1989–1991). The party's current name was adopted during the final year of the State of Cambodia, when the party abandoned the one-party system and Marxism–Leninism.

Originally rooted in communist and Marxist–Leninist ideologies, the party took on a more reformist outlook in the mid-1980s under Heng Samrin. In 1991, the CPP officially dropped its commitment to socialism, and has since embraced a mixed economy. Along with some major parties of the European centre-right, the CPP is a member of the Centrist Democrat International.

The party's rule has been described as authoritarian.[2][3]

History

Forerunner organizations and early history

Nationalists in Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos held the belief that to successfully liberate themselves from France they needed to work together; the nationalists formed the supranational Indochinese Communist Party (ICP) to oppose the French in 1930.

However, the triumph of the Japanese during the early stage of World War II crippled French rule and helped to nurture nationalism in all three Indochinese countries. Consequently, the idea of an Indochinese-wide party was submerged in the rhetoric of fierce nationalism. In Cambodia, growing nationalist sentiment and national pride married historical mistrust and fear of neighbouring countries, which turned out to be a stumbling block for the ICP. On 28 June 1951, the Cambodian nationalists who struggled to free Cambodia from French colonial rule split from the ICP to form the Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party (KPRP).

In 1955, the KPRP established a subsidiary party named the Pracheachon in order to run in the national election that year. The name of the party was changed to the Workers' Party of Kampuchea (WPK) on 28 September 1960 and then to the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK) in 1966. Members of the CPK moved the party's headquarters to Ratanakiri Province, where they were termed "Khmer Rouge" by Prince Norodom Sihanouk.

Pen Sovan's leadership (1979–1981)

In early 1979, the Cambodian communists who overthrew the Khmer Rouge's regime to end the genocide held a congress. At this gathering, they declared themselves the true successors of the original KPRP founded in 1951 and labelled the congress as the Third Party Congress, thus not recognizing the 1963, 1975 and 1978 congresses of CPK as legitimate. The party considered 28 June 1951 as its founding date. A national committee led by Pen Sovan and Roh Samai was appointed by the Congress. The women's wing of the party, the National Association of Women for the Salvation of Kampuchea, was also established in 1979 with a vast national network of members that extended to the district level.

The existence of the party was kept secret until its 4th congress in May 1981, when it appeared publicly and assumed the name KPRP. The name-change was stated to be carried out "to clearly distinguish it from the reactionary Pol Pot party and to underline and reassert the continuity of the party's best traditions".

Heng Samrin's leadership (1981–1991)

As of 1990, members of the Politburo were Heng Samrin (General Secretary), Chea Sim, Hun Sen, Chea Soth, Math Ly, Tea Banh, Men Sam An, Nguon Nhel, Sar Kheng, Bou Thang, Ney Pena, Say Chhum and alternate members included Sing Song, Sim Ka and Pol Saroeun. Members of the Secretariat were Heng Samrin, Say Phouthang, Bou Thang, Men Sam An and Sar Kheng.

Hun Sen's leadership (1991–2023)

Шаблон:Original research

Файл:Hun Sen addresses the crowd during Cambodian People's Party.jpg
Hun Sen addresses the crowd at a campaign rally in Phnom Penh.

In 1991, the party was renamed to the Cambodian People's Party (CPP) during a United Nations-sponsored peace and reconciliation process. Politburo and the Secretariat to enter into the new Standing Committee, Chea Sim as President and Hun Sen as Vice-president. Despite being rooted in socialism, adopted a pragmatic approach in order to keep power. For instance, the CPP played a major role in Cambodian peace negotiation process, which led to the signing of the Paris Peace Accords on 23 October 1991 and the creation of the second Kingdom of Cambodia. The CPP ousted Nodorom Ranariddh in a coup in 1997, leaving the party with no serious opposition. Thirty-two people died in the coup.

Under CPP rule, Cambodia transitioned into a lower-middle-income economy in 2016. The party aims to turn Cambodia into a higher-middle-income country by 2030 and high-income country by 2050. Ideologically, an increasing number of CPP senior leaders claim that the Cambodian ruling party has adopted a centrist position. They believe that the CPP presents a middle path between capitalism and communism, with emphasis on the values and principles of social market economy along with social and environmental protection, and Buddhist humanism. However, academics such as John Ciorciari have observed that the CPP still continues to maintain its communist-era party structures and that many of its top-ranking members were derived from KPRP. Also, despite Hun Sen being only the deputy leader of the party until 2015, he had de facto control of the party.

It won 64 of the 123 seats in the National Assembly in the 1998 elections, 73 seats in the 2003 elections and 90 seats in the 2008 elections, winning the popular vote by the biggest margin ever for a National Assembly election with 58% of the vote. The CPP also won the 2006 Senate elections. The party lost 22 seats in the 2013 elections, with opposition gained. Since 2018 Cambodian general election, the party commands all 125 seats in the National Assembly, and 58 of 62 seats in the Senate. The main opposition, the Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP), was banned before the election.[4] Hun Sen, the former Prime Minister of Cambodia, has served as the CPP's President since 2015.

Party leadership (1979–1993)

  • Heng Samrin:
    • General Secretary of the KPRP (1981–1991)
    • Chairman of the Revolutionary Council (later the Council of State) (1979–1992)
  • Chea Sim:
    • Minister of the Interior (1979–1981)
    • President of the National Assembly (1981–92),
    • Chairman of the Council of State (1992–1994)
  • Pen Sovan:
    • Minister of Defense (1979–1981);
    • General Secretary of the KPRP (1979–81);
    • Prime Minister (1981)
  • Hun Sen:
    • Minister of Foreign Affairs (1979–1986; 1987–1990);
    • Deputy Prime Minister (1981–85),
    • Prime Minister (1985–1993)
  • Chan Sy:
    • Minister of defense (1981–1982),
    • Prime Minister (1981–1984)
  • Say Phouthang:
    • Vice President of the State Council (1979–1993)
  • Chea Soth:
    • Minister of Planning (1982–1986),
    • Deputy Prime Minister (1982–1992)
  • Bou Thang:
    • Deputy Prime Minister (1982–1992),
    • Minister of Defense (1982–1986)
  • Math Ly:
    • Vice President of the National Assembly
  • Kong Korm:
    • Minister of Foreign Affairs (1986–1987)
  • Hor Namhong:
    • Minister of Foreign Affairs (1990–1993)

List of party leaders

Шаблон:Infobox official post

Шаблон:Colorbox KPRP (General Secretary) Шаблон:Colorbox CPP (President)

No.
 Portrait Name
Шаблон:Small 		Term of office Office held
From To Duration
1 Tou Samouth
Шаблон:Lang
Шаблон:Small 		21 September 1951 30 September 1960 Шаблон:Age in years and days ―
2 Pen Sovan
Шаблон:Lang
Шаблон:Small 		5 January 1979 5 December 1981 Шаблон:Age in years and days Minister of Defence (1979–1981)

Prime Minister (1981)

3 Файл:Samdech Heng Samrin 2018 cropped.jpg Heng Samrin
Шаблон:Lang
Шаблон:Small 		5 December 1981 17 October 1991 Шаблон:Age in years and days Chairman of the People's Revolutionary Council (1979–1981), President of the Council of State (1981–1992), President of the National Assembly (2006–2023)
4 Файл:Chea Sim 3x4.jpg Chea Sim
Шаблон:Lang
Шаблон:Small 		17 October 1991 8 June 2015† Шаблон:Age in years and days Chairman of the National Assembly (1981–1993),

President of the Council of State (1992–1993), President of the Senate (1999–2015)

5 Файл:Hun Sen in July 2019.jpg Hun Sen
Шаблон:Lang
Шаблон:Small 		20 June 2015 Present Шаблон:Age in years and days Minister of Foreign Affairs (1979–1986, 1988–1990),

Prime Minister (1985–2023)

Organization

The party is headed by a 34-member Permanent Committee, commonly referred to as the Politburo (after its former Communist namesake). The current members are (with their party positions in brackets): Шаблон:Div col

  1. Hun Sen (Chairman)
  2. Heng Samrin (Honorary Chairman)
  3. Sar Kheng (Deputy Chairman)
  4. Say Chhum (Chairman of the Standing Committee)
  5. Say Phouthang
  6. Bou Thang
  7. Tea Banh
  8. Men Sam An
  9. Nguon Nhel
  10. Ney Pena
  11. Sim Ka
  12. Ke Kim Yan
  13. Pol Saroeun
  14. Kong Sam Ol
  15. Im Chhun Lim
  16. Dith Munty
  17. Chea Chanto
  18. Uk Rabun
  19. Cheam Yeap
  20. Ek Sam Ol
  21. Som Kim Suor
  22. Khuon Sudary
  23. Pen Pannha
  24. Chhay Than
  25. Hor Nam Hong
  26. Bin Chhin
  27. Keat Chhon
  28. Yim Chhay Ly
  29. Tep Ngorn
  30. Kun Kim
  31. Meas Sophea
  32. Neth Savoeun

Шаблон:Div col end

Recent electoral history

General election

Year Party leader Candidate Votes Seats Position Government
# % ± # ±
1981 Pen Sovan 2,898,709 90.3 New Шаблон:Composition bar New Шаблон:Increase 1st Шаблон:Yes2
1993 Chea Sim Hun Sen 1,533,471 38.2 Шаблон:Decrease 52.1 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Decrease 66 Шаблон:Decrease 2nd Шаблон:Yes2
1998 2,030,790 41.4 Шаблон:Increase 3.2 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Increase 13 Шаблон:Increase 1st Шаблон:Yes2
2003 2,447,259 47.3 Шаблон:Increase 5.9 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Increase 9 Шаблон:Steady 1st Шаблон:Yes2
2008 3,492,374 58.1 Шаблон:Increase 10.8 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Increase 17 Шаблон:Steady 1st Шаблон:Yes2
2013 3,235,969 48.8 Шаблон:Decrease 9.3 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Decrease 22 Шаблон:Steady 1st Шаблон:Yes2
2018 Hun Sen 4,889,113 76.8 Шаблон:Increase 28.0 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Increase 57 Шаблон:Steady 1st Шаблон:Yes2
2023 Hun Sen Hun Manet 6,398,311 82.3 Шаблон:Increase 5.5 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Decrease 5 Шаблон:Steady 1st Шаблон:Yes2

Communal elections

Year Party leader Leader Votes Chiefs Councillors Position
# % ± # ± # ±
2002[5] Chea Sim Hun Sen 2,647,849 60.9 New Шаблон:Composition bar New Шаблон:Composition bar New Шаблон:Increase 1st
2007[6] 3,148,533 60.8 Шаблон:Decrease 0.1 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Decrease 7 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Increase 441 Шаблон:Steady 1st
2012[7] 3,631,082 61.8 Шаблон:Increase 1.0 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Increase 1 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Increase 299 Шаблон:Steady 1st
2017[8] Hun Sen 3,540,056 50.8 Шаблон:Decrease 11.0 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Decrease 436 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Decrease 1,789 Шаблон:Steady 1st
2022[9] 5,378,773 74.3 Шаблон:Increase 23.5 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Increase 492 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Increase 2,873 Шаблон:Steady 1st

Senate elections

Year Candidate Votes Seats Position
# % ± # ±
2006 Chea Sim 7,854 69.2 — Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Increase 14 Шаблон:Steady 1st
2012 8,880 77.8 Шаблон:Increase 8.6 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Increase 1 Шаблон:Steady 1st
2018 Say Chhum 11,202 95.9 Шаблон:Increase 18.1 Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Increase 12 Шаблон:Steady 1st

See also

References

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

  • Guo, Sujian (2006). The Political Economy of Asian Transition from Communism. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Шаблон:ISBN.

External links

Шаблон:Cambodian political parties Шаблон:Eastern Bloc parties Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book (section XI, "Recreating Elite Stability, July 1997 to July 1998")
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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