Английская Википедия:Cambridge University (UK Parliament constituency)

Cambridge University was a university constituency electing two members to the British House of Commons, from 1603 to 1950.

Franchise and method of election

This university constituency was created by a Royal Charter of 1603. It was abolished in 1950 by the Representation of the People Act 1948.

The constituency was not a geographical area. Its electorate consisted of the graduates of the University of Cambridge. Before 1918 the franchise was restricted to male graduates with a Doctorate or Master of Arts degree. Sedgwick records that there were 377 electors in 1727. For the 1754–1790 period, Namier and Brooke estimated the electorate at about 500.

The constituency returned two Members of Parliament. Before 1918 they were elected by plurality-at-large voting, but from 1918 onwards the two members were elected by the Single Transferable Vote method.

History

In the early 18th century, the electors of both English universities were mostly Tories, but the Whig ministers of King George I were able to persuade him to use his royal prerogative to confer Cambridge doctorates on a large number of Whigs, so that from 1727 the university largely returned Whig representatives. At Oxford, the King did not enjoy the same prerogative power, so that the University of Oxford constituency remained Tory, and indeed often Jacobite, in its preferences.

The leading 18th-century Whig politician Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, was Chancellor of the University of Cambridge from 1748 to 1768 and recommended to the electors suitable candidates to represent them in Parliament. This practice continued under his successor, another Whig Duke and Prime Minister, Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, Chancellor of the university from 1768 to 1811. However, Grafton was less influential as a politician than Newcastle had been and also less attentive towards the university, and as a result some of his nominations came in for criticism, notably that of his friend Richard Croftes.

Croftes was far from typical of a university member of parliament: he was neither the son of a peer, like the Hon. John Townshend, the Marquess of Granby, and Grafton's own son the Earl of Euston, nor a distinguished lawyer-politician, such as William de Grey, James Mansfield, and Sir Vicary Gibbs, nor a prominent political figure like William Pitt the Younger and Lord Henry Petty. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Pittite and Tory candidates began to be elected. At the appearance of this political development, some of the Pittite members, including the younger William Pitt himself, one of the members for the university from 1784 to 1806, described themselves as Whigs. As time passed, the division between the 19th century Tory and Whig parties became clearer.

The future Prime Minister, Viscount Palmerston, retained his university seat as a Whig after he left the Tory ranks, but in 1831 he was defeated. After Palmerston ceased to represent the university he was elected by a territorial constituency. From then until the 1920s, all of the university's members were Tories and/or Conservatives.

Even after the introduction of the single transferable vote in 1918, most of the members continued to be elected as Conservatives.

Members of Parliament

This is a list of people who have been elected to represent this university in the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

1603 to 1660

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Constituency created 1603

Year	First member	Second member
1604	Nicholas Steward	Henry Mountlow
1614	Sir Miles Sandys	Sir Francis Bacon
1621	Robert Naunton	Barnaby Gough
1624	Sir Robert Naunton	Barnaby Gough
1625	Sir Robert Naunton	Sir Albert Morton
1626	Thomas Eden	Sir John Coke
1628–1629	Thomas Eden	Sir John Coke
1629–1640	No Parliaments summoned
Apr 1640	Thomas Eden	Henry Lucas
Nov 1640	Thomas Eden	Henry Lucas
Eden died 1644 replaced by Nathaniel Bacon
1648	Lucas secluded in Pride's Purge
1654	Henry Cromwell	(one seat only)
1656	Richard Cromwell	(one seat only)
1659	John Thurloe	Thomas Sclater

1660 to 1784

Year	Member	Party	Member	Party
1660 Apr	George Monck		Thomas Crouch
1660 Jun	William Montagu
1661	Sir Richard Fanshawe
1667	Sir Charles Wheler, 2nd Baronet
1679	Sir Thomas Exton		James Vernon
1681	Sir Thomas Exton		Robert Brady
1689	Sir Robert Sawyer		Isaac Newton	Whig
1690	Sir Robert Sawyer		Edward Finch
1692	Henry Boyle	Whig	Edward Finch
1695			George Oxenden
1698			Anthony Hammond
1701			Isaac Newton	Court Whig
1702			Arthur Annesley	Tory
1705	Dixie Windsor	Tory	Arthur Annesley	Tory
1710			Thomas Paske	Tory
1720			Thomas Willoughby	Tory
1727	Edward Finch	Whig	Thomas Townshend	Whig
1768	Charles Yorke	Rockingham Whig
1770	William de Grey
1771	Richard Croftes
1774			Charles Manners, Marquess of Granby
1779			James Mansfield
1780	Lord John Townshend	Whig	James Mansfield

1784 to 1950

Year	Member		Party	Member		Party
1784	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	William Pitt the Younger	Tory¹^[1]	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Earl of Euston	Whig^[1]
1806	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Lord Henry Petty	Whig^[1]
1807	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Vicary Gibbs	Tory^[1]
1811	rowspan="6" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Vicary Gibbs	Tory^[1]	Henry Temple	Tory^[1]
1812	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	John Henry Smyth	Whig^[1]
1822	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	William John Bankes	Tory^[1]
1826	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir John Copley	Tory^[1]
1827	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Nicholas Conyngham Tindal	Tory^[1]
1829	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	William Cavendish	Whig^[1]
1830	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	William Cavendish	Whig^[1]		Whig^[1]
1831	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Henry Goulburn	Tory^[1]	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	William Yates Peel	Tory^[1]
1832	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|		Tory^[1]	Charles Manners-Sutton	Tory^[1]
1834	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|		Conservative^[1]	Charles Manners-Sutton	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Conservative^[1]
1835	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|			Hon. Charles Law	Conservative^[1]
1850	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|			Loftus Wigram	Conservative
1856	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Spencer Horatio Walpole	Conservative	Loftus Wigram	Conservative
1859	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|			Charles Jasper Selwyn	Conservative
1868	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|			Alexander Beresford Hope	Conservative
1882	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Henry Cecil Raikes	Conservative	Alexander Beresford Hope	Conservative
1887	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Henry Cecil Raikes	Conservative	Sir George Stokes, Bt	Conservative
1891	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb ²	Conservative	Sir George Stokes, Bt	Conservative
1892	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb ²	Conservative	Sir John Eldon Gorst	Conservative
1906	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Samuel Butcher	Conservative	rowspan="5" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	John Rawlinson	Conservative
1911	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Joseph Larmor	Conservative			Conservative
1918	Co. Conservative ³	Sir Joseph Larmor	Co. Conservative³
1922	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	J. R. M. Butler	Ind. Liberal⁴	Conservative
1923	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Geoffrey G. Butler ⁵	Conservative	Conservative
1926	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Geoffrey G. Butler ⁵	Conservative	Sir John Withers	Conservative
1929	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Godfrey Wilson	Conservative
1935	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Kenneth Pickthorn	Conservative
1940	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|			Dr. Archibald Hill	Ind. Conservative⁴
1945	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|			Wilson Harris	Independent

Notes:-

¹ Pitt called himself a Whig, but is usually retrospectively regarded as a Tory since most of his followers (whether their background was in the Whig or Tory tradition) came to call themselves the Tory Party in the decade after Pitt's death.
² Jebb died on 10 December 1905 – seat vacant at dissolution.
³ Co. is an abbreviation for Coalition.
⁴ Ind. is an abbreviation for Independent.
⁵ Sir Geoffrey G. Butler died on 2 May 1929 – seat vacant at dissolution.

Elections before 1715

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Election by block vote 1715–1918

1710s – 1720s – 1730s – 1740s – 1750s – 1760s – 1770s – 1780s – 1790s – 1800s – 1810s – 1820s – 1830s – 1840s – 1850s – 1860s – 1870s – 1880s – 1890s – 1900s – 1910s

Elections in the 1710s

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Elections in the 1720s

Death of Paske

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Note (1722): Stooks Smith gives Willoughby 319 votes.

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Note (1727): Unusually, for a pre-1832 election, Stooks Smith records the total number of electors for the constituency as well as the number who voted; so a turnout figure can be calculated.

Elections in the 1730s

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Note (1734): Goodrick was an Opposition Whig

Elections in the 1740s

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Seat vacated when Finch was appointed a Groom of the Bedchamber

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Elections in the 1750s

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Seat vacated when Finch was appointed to an office

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Elections in the 1760s

Seat vacated when Finch was appointed to an office

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Elections in the 1770s

Seat vacated on the appointment of Yorke as Lord Chancellor

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Seat vacated on the appointment of de Grey as Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas

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Succession of Granby as the 4th Duke of Rutland

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Elections in the 1780s

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Note (1780): Stooks Smith records Townshend as getting 237 votes.
Seat vacated on Townshend being appointed to an office

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Seat vacated on Townshend being appointed to an office

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Seat vacated on Mansfield being appointed as Solicitor General for England and Wales

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The 1784 election was broadly a contest between the new government of Pitt and the ousted Fox-North Coalition, in which both Townshend and Mansfield had held office.

Elections in the 1790s

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Note (1790): Party labels in the 1790–1832 period follow Stooks Smith, who classifies Pitt and his Pittite supporters as Tories without regard to what they would have actually called themselves.
Seat vacated on Pitt being appointed Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports

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Seat vacated on Euston being appointed to an office

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Elections in the 1800s

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Seat vacated on Pitt being appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer

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Death of Pitt

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Palmerston was a Peer of Ireland

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Elections in the 1810s

Succession of Euston as the 4th Duke of Grafton

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Seat vacated on Gibbs being appointed a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas

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Elections in the 1820s

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Death of Smyth

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Seat vacated on the appointment of Copley as Lord Chancellor and creation as 1st Baron Lyndhurst

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Note (1827): Unusually for a pre-1832 election Stooks Smith provides a total electorate figure, so a turnout percentage can be calculated. See the 1727 result above for another instance.
Seat vacated on the appointment of Tindal as Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas

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Elections in the 1830s

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Seat vacated on the appointment of Palmerston as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs

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Manners-Sutton created 'The 1st Viscount Canterbury'.

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Note (1837): McCalmont's Parliamentary Poll Book classifies Law as a Peelite between this election and that of 1847.

Elections in the 1840s

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Note (1841): McCalmont's Parliamentary Poll Book classifies Goulburn as a Liberal Conservative and Law as a Peelite for this election.
Goulburn appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer.

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Note 1 (1847): 3,800 registered electors; 4,682 votes cast; minimum possible turnout estimated by dividing votes by 2. To the extent that electors did not use both their votes, the figure will be an underestimate.
Note 2 (1847): McCalmont's Parliamentary Poll Book classifies Goulburn as a Liberal Conservative and Law as a Peelite for this election.

Elections in the 1850s

Death of Law.

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Note (1852): McCalmont's Parliamentary Poll Book classifies Goulburn as a Liberal Conservative for this election.
Death of Goulburn.

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Appointment of Walpole as Secretary of State for the Home Department.

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Elections in the 1860s

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Appointment of Walpole as Secretary of State for the Home Department.

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Appointment of Selwyn as Solicitor-General.

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Appointment of Selwyn as Judge of the Court of Appeal in Chancery.

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Elections in the 1870s

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Elections in the 1880s

Шаблон:Election box begin Шаблон:Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link Шаблон:Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link Шаблон:Election box registered electors Шаблон:Election box hold with party link no swing Шаблон:Election box hold with party link no swing Шаблон:Election box end

Walpole's resignation caused a by-election.

Шаблон:Election box begin Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box majority Шаблон:Election box turnout Шаблон:Election box registered electors Шаблон:Election box hold with party link Шаблон:Election box end

Файл:Alexander Beresford Hope.jpg

Hope

Raikes was appointed Postmaster General, requiring a by-election. Шаблон:Election box begin Шаблон:Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link Шаблон:Election box hold with party link no swing Шаблон:Election box end

Файл:Ggstokes.jpg

Stokes

Beresford-Hope's death caused a by-election. Шаблон:Election box begin Шаблон:Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link Шаблон:Election box hold with party link no swing Шаблон:Election box end

Elections in the 1890s

Файл:Richard Claverhouse Jebb - Imagines philologorum.jpg

Jebb

Elections in the 1900s

Elections in the 1910s

Файл:Harold Cox.jpg

Cox

Шаблон:Election box begin Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box majority Шаблон:Election box turnout Шаблон:Election box hold with party link Шаблон:Election box end

Elections 1918–1950

General elections from 1918, when most constituencies polled on the same day, were on different polling days than for territorial constituencies. The polls for university constituencies were open for five days. The elections were conducted by Single Transferable Vote.

Elections in the 1910s

Шаблон:STV Election box begin2 Шаблон:STV Election box candidate2 coalition 1918 Шаблон:STV Election box candidate2 coalition 1918 Шаблон:STV Election box candidate2 Шаблон:STV Election box candidate2 Шаблон:STV Election box end2

Elections in the 1920s

Шаблон:Election box begin Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box majority Шаблон:Election box quota Шаблон:Election box Registered electors Шаблон:Election box turnout Шаблон:Election box gain with party link Шаблон:Election box end

As two candidates achieved the quota only one count was necessary

As two candidates achieved the quota only one count was necessary

Шаблон:Election box begin Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box hold with party link no swing Шаблон:Election box end Шаблон:STV Election box begin2 Шаблон:STV Election box candidate2 Шаблон:STV Election box candidate2 Шаблон:STV Election box candidate2 Шаблон:STV Election box candidate2 Шаблон:STV Election box end2

Elections in the 1930s

As two candidates achieved the quota only one count was necessary

Elections in the 1940s

Шаблон:Election box begin Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box majority Шаблон:Election box turnout Шаблон:Election box gain with party link Шаблон:Election box end Шаблон:STV Election box begin2 Шаблон:STV Election box candidate2 Шаблон:STV Election box candidate2 Шаблон:STV Election box candidate2 Шаблон:STV Election box candidate2 Шаблон:STV Election box candidate2 Шаблон:STV Election box end2

References

Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885–1972, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Parliamentary Reference Publications 1972)
British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Macmillan Press 1977)
British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Macmillan Press 1974)
British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–1949, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Macmillan Press, revised edition 1977)
McCalmont's Parliamentary Poll Book: British Election Results 1832–1918 (8th edition, The Harvester Press 1971)
The House of Commons 1715–1754, by Romney Sedgwick (HMSO 1970)
The House of Commons 1754–1790, by Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke (HMSO 1964)
The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844–50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)
Who's Who of British Members of Parliament: Volume I 1832–1885, edited by M. Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976)
Who's Who of British Members of Parliament, Volume II 1886–1918, edited by M. Stenton and S. Lees (Harvester Press 1978)
Who's Who of British Members of Parliament, Volume III 1919–1945, edited by M. Stenton and S. Lees (Harvester Press 1979)
Who's Who of British Members of Parliament, Volume IV 1945–1979, edited by M. Stenton and S. Lees (Harvester Press 1981)
Шаблон:Rayment-hc

Specific

↑ ^1,00 ^1,01 ^1,02 ^1,03 ^1,04 ^1,05 ^1,06 ^1,07 ^1,08 ^1,09 ^1,10 ^1,11 ^1,12 ^1,13 ^1,14 ^1,15 ^1,16 Шаблон:Cite book

Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-par Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-vac Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:S-end

Шаблон:University constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom

[stooks-smith-1] 1,00 ^1,01 ^1,02 ^1,03 ^1,04 ^1,05 ^1,06 ^1,07 ^1,08 ^1,09 ^1,10 ^1,11 ^1,12 ^1,13 ^1,14 ^1,15 ^1,16 Шаблон:Cite book

[1]

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Английская Википедия:Cambridge University (UK Parliament constituency)

Franchise and method of election

History

Members of Parliament

1603 to 1660

1660 to 1784

1784 to 1950

Elections before 1715

Election by block vote 1715–1918

Elections in the 1710s

Elections in the 1720s

Elections in the 1730s

Elections in the 1740s

Elections in the 1750s

Elections in the 1760s

Elections in the 1770s

Elections in the 1780s

Elections in the 1790s

Elections in the 1800s

Elections in the 1810s

Elections in the 1820s

Elections in the 1830s

Elections in the 1840s

Elections in the 1850s

Elections in the 1860s

Elections in the 1870s

Elections in the 1880s

Elections in the 1890s

Elections in the 1900s

Elections in the 1910s

Elections 1918–1950

Elections in the 1910s

Elections in the 1920s

Elections in the 1930s

Elections in the 1940s

See also

References

Навигация

Поиск