Английская Википедия:Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh
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Шаблон:Use dmy dates The Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh is awarded by the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine to a person who has made any highly important and valuable addition to Practical TherapeuticsШаблон:Clarify in the previous five years. The prize, which may be awarded biennially, was founded in 1878 by Andrew Robertson Cameron of Richmond, New South Wales, with a sum of £2,000. The University's senatus academicus may require the prizewinner to deliver one or more lectures or to publish an account on the addition made to Practical Therapeutics.[1] A list of recipients of the prize dates back to 1879.
Cameron Prize Recipients
Year | Image | Laureate | Institution | Interest | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1879 | Файл:Paul Bert2.jpg | Paul Bert | Faculty of Sciences, Paris The Sorbonne | Decompression sickness, toxicity of high concentrations of oxygen | [2] |
1880 | Файл:William Roberts (physician).jpg | William Roberts | Owens College, Manchester | Discovered the antibacterial effects of penicillium moulds, coined the word "enzyme" | [3] |
1889 | Файл:Louis Pasteur, foto av Paul Nadar, Crisco edit.jpg | Louis Pasteur | Pasteur Institute | Principles of vaccination, first vaccines for rabies and anthrax, microbial fermentation, pasteurization first resolution of optical isomers | [4] |
1890 | Файл:Joseph Lister 1902.jpg | Joseph Lister | King's College Hospital, London | Pioneer of antiseptic surgery | [5] |
1891 | Файл:David Ferrier.jpg | David Ferrier | King's College Hospital, London | Cortical localisation | [6][7] |
1893 | Файл:Victor Horsley3.jpg | Victor Horsley | National Hospital for Paralysis and Epilepsy | Developed the Horsley–Clarke apparatus, stereotactic neurosurgery, epilepsy | [8] |
1894 | Файл:Emil von Behring sitzend.jpg | Emil von Behring | University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany | Diphtheria antitoxin | [9] |
1896 | Файл:MacEwen-surgeon and neurosurgeon.jpg | William Macewen | University of Glasgow | Aseptic procedures in the operating theatre, a pioneer of brain surgery and for the development of a number of successful operating techniques and procedures in bone surgery | [10] |
1897 | Файл:Thomas Richard Fraser.jpg | Thomas Fraser | Department of Materia Medica Edinburgh | Introduced strophanthus and physostigmine | [11] |
1898 | Файл:Sydney Copeman.jpg | Sydney Copeman | Ministry of Health. UK | Authority on vaccination | [12] |
1899 | Файл:Davidbruce.JPG | David Bruce | Netley Hospital at Netley, UK | Investigated brucellosis and trypanosomes, identifying the cause of African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) | [13] |
1900 | Файл:Waldemar Haffkine 2.jpg | Waldemar Haffkine | Pasteur Institute in Paris | Vaccines against cholera and bubonic plague | [14] |
1901 | Файл:Patrick Manson3.jpg | Patrick Manson | The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine | Discoveries in parasitology and a founder of the field of tropical medicine | |
1902 | Файл:Ronald Ross.jpg | Ronald Ross | University College, Liverpool, United Kingdom | Malaria, by which he showed how it enters the organism. Won Nobel Prize in 1902 | [9] |
1904 | Файл:Niels Ryberg Finsen portrait.jpg | Niels Ryberg Finsen | Copenhagen University Hospital | Treatment of lupus vulgaris with concentrated light radiation. Won Nobel Prize in 1903 | [9] |
1910 | Файл:August Bier.jpg | August Bier | Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin | Spinal anesthesia using cocaine and intravenous regional anesthesia | [15] |
1911 | Файл:Picture of Simon Flexner.jpg | Simon Flexner | Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research | Studies into poliomyelitis and the development of serum treatment for meningitis | [16] |
1914 | Файл:Paul Ehrlich 1915.jpg | Paul Ehrlich | Frankfurt University, Germany | Hematology, immunology, and antimicrobial chemotherapy, discovered arsphenamine (Salvarsan), the first effective medicinal treatment for syphilis, concept of a silver bullet. Nobel Prize in 1908 | [17] |
1915 | Файл:Lauder Brunton 1881.jpg | Thomas Lauder Brunton | St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London | Use of amyl nitrite to treat angina pectoris, dissertation on digitalis | |
1920 | Файл:Robert Jones (surgeon).jpg | Robert Jones | Military orthopaedic hospital at Liverpool | Radiography in orthopaedics, described the Jones fracture. | [18] |
1921 | Файл:Jules Bordet signed.jpg | Jules Bordet | Université Libre de Bruxelles | Development of serological tests for syphilis, isolated Bordetella pertussis in pure culture in 1906 and posited it as the cause of whooping cough. Nobel Prize 1921. | [19] |
1922 | Файл:Frederick Gowland Hopkins nobel.jpg | Frederick Hopkins | University of Cambridge | Discovery of growth-stimulating vitamins, the amino acid tryptophan and the discovery and characterization of glutathione. Nobel Prize 1929. | [20] |
1923 | Файл:J.J.R. Macleod ca. 1928.png | J J R Macleod | University of Toronto | Isolation of insulin, Nobel Prize 1923 | [21] |
1924 | Файл:Harvey Williams Cushing 1938b.jpg | Harvey Cushing | Harvard Medical School[22] | Cushing's disease | [23] |
1925 | Файл:Rudolf Magnus.png | Rudolf Magnus | University Medical Center Utrecht | Diuretic effect of the excretions of the pituitary gland, the reflexes involved in mammal posture, studied the effects of narcotics and poison gasses on the lungs | [24] |
1926 | Файл:Henry Hallett Dale3.jpg | Henry Hallett Dale | National Institute for Medical Research | Study of acetylcholine as agent in the chemical transmission of nerve impulses. Nobel Prize 1936 | [25] |
1927 | Файл:Fredrick banting.jpg | Frederick Banting | University of Toronto | Treated dogs so that they no longer produced trypsin, insulin could then be extracted and used to treat diabetes. Nobel Prize 1923 | [26] |
1928 | Файл:Constantin Levaditi.jpg | Constantin Levaditi | Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy | Discovered in the presence of the polio virus in tissues other than nervous and this was the basis for the development of vaccine (by Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin) | [27] |
1929 | Файл:Leonard Rogers.jpg | Leonard Rogers | Hospital for Tropical Diseases | Effects of hæmostatic and other drugs on the intravascular coagulability of the blood and treatment of cholera with hypertonic saline, worked on Entamoeba histolytica, which he correctly associated with both dysentery and hepatic abscess | [28] |
1930 | Файл:George Minot nobel.jpg | George R Minot | Harvard University | Discovered an effective treatment for pernicious anemia. Nobel Prize 1934 | [29] |
Файл:William P Murphy.jpg | William P. Murphy | Brigham Hospital, Boston | Shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934 with George Minot and George Whipple combined work in devising and treating macrocytic anemia (specifically, pernicious anemia). :iver had been tried on people with pernicious anemia and later were able to isolate Vitamin B12 | [30] | |
1931 | Файл:Marie Curie c. 1920s.jpg | Marie Curie | École Normale Supérieure | First woman to win a Nobel Prize with her husband, coined the word "radioactivity", and isolated radium chloride and pure radium. Nobel Prizes 1903 and 1911 | [31] |
1932 | Файл:Edward Mellanby 1943.jpg | Edward Mellanby | University of Sheffield | Determined that cause of rickets is lack of vitamin D | [32] |
1933 | Файл:Gladys Rowena Henry Dick (1881-1963).jpg | Gladys Rowena Henry Dick | University of Chicago | Isolated hemolytic streptococcus, co-developed a vaccine for scarlet fever, and introduced the Dick Test | [33] |
Файл:George Frederick Dick.jpg | George Frederick Dick | University of Chicago | Isolated hemolytic streptococcus, co-developed a vaccine for scarlet fever, and introduced the Dick Test | [33] | |
1935 | Файл:Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer 2.jpg | Edward Albert Sharpey Schafer | University of Edinburgh | Founder of endocrinology, coined the word "insulin" after theorising that a single substance from the pancreas was responsible for diabetes mellitus. Schafer's method of artificial respiration, introduced the use of suprarenal extract (containing adrenaline as well as other active substances) | [34] |
1936 | Файл:Julius Wagner-Jauregg ohne Unterschrift.jpg | Julius Wagner-Jauregg | Clinic for Psychiatry and Nervous Diseases in Vienna | Introduced malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica (neurosyphilis) and research on goiter, cretinism, and iodine. Nobel Prize 1927 | [35] |
1937 | Carl Hamilton Browning | University of Glasgow | Worked in Germany with Paul Ehrlich, discovered the therapeutic qualities of acridine dyes | [36] | |
1938 | Файл:J. B. Collip in his office at McGill University ca. 1930.png | James B Collip | McGill University in Montreal | Working with the Toronto group that isolated insulin he prepared a pancreatic extract pure enough to be used in clinical trials, pioneering work with parathyroid hormone. Nobel Prize 1923 | [37] |
1938 | Файл:Karl Landsteiner nobel.jpg | Karl Landsteiner | University of Vienna | Discovered three human blood groups (O, A, and B), the Rhesus factor, and isolated the polio virus. Nobel Prize 1930 | [38] |
1939 | Файл:Gerhard Domagk nobel.jpg | Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk | Bayer laboratories at Wuppertal | Discoverer of sulfonamidochrysoidine (Prontosil) effective against streptococci, eventually led to the development of the antituberculosis drugs thiosemicarbazone and isoniazid. Nobel Prize 1939, lectured in 1954 (forced until then to decline Nobel Prize) | [39] |
1940 | Файл:Portrait of Sir Edward Charles Dodds Wellcome M0017355.jpg | Charles Dodds | Courtauld Institute of Biochemistry | Pentose phosphate pathway which generates NADPH, the discovery of stilboestrol, a synthetic and powerfully active non-steroid analogue of the naturally occurring oestrogenic hormone | [40] |
1944 | Файл:Otto Loewi in the Institute of Pharmacology in Graz, Austria, with equipment.jpg | Otto Loewi | New York University College of Medicine | Showed Acetylcholine to be released by electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve and augmentation of adrenaline release by cocaine, a connection between digitalis and the action of calcium. Invented the mydriatic test in which an experimental form of diabetes in dogs led a change in the response of the eye to adrenaline. Nobel Prize 1936 | [41] |
1945 | Файл:Alexander-fleming.jpg | Alexander Fleming | St Mary's Hospital, London | Discovered the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance benzylpenicillin (penicillin G) from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928. Nobel Prize 1945 with Florey | [42] |
1945 | Файл:Sir Howard Florey.jpg | Howard Florey | University of Oxford | Carried out the first clinical trials of penicillin in 1941. Nobel Prize 1945 shared with Fleming | [43] |
1946 | Файл:GyorgyiNIH.jpg | Albert Szent-Györgyi | National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland | Discovering vitamin C and the components and reactions of the citric acid cycle, identifying fumaric acid and other steps in what became known as the Krebs cycle. Nobel Prize 1937 | [44] |
1947 | Файл:Neil Hamilton Fairley2.jpg | Neil Hamilton Fairley | London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine | Saved thousands of Allied lives from malaria and other diseases during World War II, researched quinine, sulphonamides, atebrin, plasmoquine, and paludrine | [45] |
1948 | Edwin B. Astwood | Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston | Hormonal control of the mammary gland, the initial rise in uterine weight in response to estrogen could be suppressed by progesterone and the basic mechanisms of thyroid physiology and assessment of relative potency of antithyroid drugs in man, established rational therapeutic regimens for most thyroid diseases, identification of a third pituitary gonadotropin, which he named luteotrophin. | [46] | |
1949 | Файл:Daniel Bovet nobel.jpg | Daniel Bovet | University of Rome La Sapienza. | Antihistamines discovered succinylcholine to be a depolarizing muscle relaxant. He also synthesized gallamine, the first completely artificial curariform drug to be clinically useful, work on synthetic analogs of bioactive amines and antihistamines. Nobel Prize 1957. | [47] |
1950 | Файл:Rudolph Albert Peters.jpg | Rudolph Albert Peters | Institute of Animal Physiology, Babraham | British Anti-Lewisite (Dimercaprol) and treatment of post-arsphenamine jaundice researched pyruvate metabolism, focussing particularly on the toxicity of fluoroacetate | [48] |
1951 | Файл:Thadeus Reichstein ETH-Bib Portr 10137.jpg | Tadeusz Reichstein | Pharmaceutical Institute of the University of Basel | Synthesized vitamin C by what is now called the Reichstein process, isolated aldosterone, a hormone of the adrenal cortex. Nobel Prize 1950 Jointly with Kendall | [49] |
Файл:Edward Calvin Kendall nobel.jpg | E C Kendall | Princeton University | Isolation of thyroxine, the active principle of the thyroid gland, the crystallization of glutathione, the hormones of the cortex of the adrenal glands and the anti-inflammatory effect of cortisone. Nobel Prize 1950 | [50] | |
1954 | Russell Claude Brock | Guy's and the Brompton hospitals | Cardiac surgeon, operated on Fallot's tetralogy patients with pulmonary stenosis and mitral stenosis resulting from rheumatic fever, introduced new developments, notably hypothermia and the heart-lung machine | [51] | |
1956 | Файл:William D.M. Paton 1984.jpg | William D.M. Paton | University of Oxford | Interest in hyperbaric physiology, cholinergic transmission in particular decamethonium and hexamethonium, histamine release by licheniform and other basic substances, mechanism of action of gaseous anaesthetic agents, pharmacology of cannabis, the rate theory of drug action | [52] |
Eleanor J Zaimis | The Royal Free Hospital, London | muscle relaxants and ganglionic blockers, the structure-activity relationships of methonium compounds | [53] | ||
1958 | Файл:Charles Brenton Huggins nobel.jpg | Charles B Huggins | University of Chicago | Discovered in 1941 that hormones could be used to control the spread of some cancers, specializing in prostate cancer, castration or estrogen administration led to glandular atrophy, androgen ablation of metastases, development of biomarker based on serum phosphatase. Nobel Prize 1966 | [54] |
1960 | John F Enders | Children's Hospital Boston | In vitro culture of poliovirus, isolated measles virus and began development of measles vaccine and conducted trials on 1,500 mentally retarded children in New York City and 4,000 children in Nigeria. Nobel Prize 1954 | [55] | |
1962 | Файл:Portrait of Alan Sterling Parkes. Wellcome L0024947.jpg | Alan Sterling Parkes | University College, London | Reproductive biology, research in low-temperature biology leading to the discovery that glycerol protected spermatozoa against damage during freezing and storage at very low temperatures | [56] |
1964 | Willem J Kolff | University of Utah | Pioneer of hemodialysis for kidney failure and the development of artificial organs, in particular the artificial heart | [57] | |
1966 | Gregory Pincus | Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts | Confirmed earlier research that progesterone would act as an inhibitor to ovulation, co-inventor the combined oral contraceptive pill, in vitro fertilization in rabbits | [58] | |
1968 | Файл:Robert G.Macfarlane JPEG.JPG | Robert Gwyn Macfarlane | Oxford University | Deciphered the enzymic cascade of blood coagulation and the treatment of haemophilia, studied the venom of many different snakes and isolated the poison of the Russell's Viper | [59] |
1970 | Файл:Mathe, Georges CIPN20069.jpg | Georges Mathé | Hôpital Paul-Brousse | Performed the first bone marrow graft and first successful kidney grafts between unrelated donors, the development of several important immunosuppressant molecules such as acriflavine, bestatine, ellipticine, oxaliplatin, triptoreline and vinorelbine | [60] |
1972 | Файл:George H. Hitchings 1988.jpg | George H Hitchings | Wellcome Research Laboratories, Tuckahoe, New York | Work included 2,6-diaminopurine (a compound to treat leukemia) and p-chlorophenoxy-2,4-diaminopyrimidine (a folic acid antagonist), new drug therapies for malaria (pyrimethamine), leukemia (6-mercaptopurine and thioguanine), gout (allopurinol), organ transplantation (azathioprine) and bacterial infections (co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim) pointed the way that led to major antiviral drugs for herpes infections (acyclovir) and AIDS (zidovudine). Nobel Prize 1988 shared with Black | [61] |
1974 | John Charnley | Wrightington Hospital, Lancashire | British orthopaedic surgeon pioneered hip replacement, development of the low friction arthroplasty concept, use of bone cement that acted as a grout rather than glue | [62] | |
1976 | Norman Shumway | Stanford University | Human heart transplant operation, pioneered the use of cyclosporine to prevent rejection. | [63] | |
1978 | Файл:Sune Bergström 3.jpg | Sune K Bergstrom | Karolinska Institute, Stockholm | Succeeded in producing pure prostaglandins and determining the chemical structures of two important examples, PGE and PGF, showed that these are formed through the conversion of unsaturated fatty acids, used to trigger contractions during childbirth, induce abortions, or reduce the risk of gastric ulcer. Nobel Prize 1982 Shared with John Vane | |
1980 | Файл:James Black (pharmacologist).jpg | James Black | King's College Hospital Medical School, London | Developed propranolol, a beta-blocker that has a calming effect on the heart by blocking the receptor for adrenaline,[64] developed cimetidine that suppresses the formation of gastric acid and is used to fight ulcers. Nobel Prize 1988 shared with Hitchings | |
1988 | Hans W Kosterlitz | University of Aberdeen | Endorphins, used electrically stimulated strip of guinea pig intestine to assess opiate activity in pig brain homogenates. | [65] | |
1990 | Roy Yorke Calne | University of Cambridge | organ transplantation pioneer, improvement of immunosuppression techniques | ||
1993 | Файл:215692 Jordan C (2).jpg | Virgil Craig Jordan | Georgetown University | Discovered the breast cancer prevention properties of tamoxifen, the prevention of multiple diseases in women using his new discovery, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) raloxifene trial.[66] | [67] |
1996 | Patrick Humphrey | Glaxo | Pharmacological profile of selective 5-HT 4 receptor agonists, TD-5108, tegaserod, adenosine A1 receptor agonists.[68] 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, triptans as the most important breakthrough in headache medicine – Sumatriptan, naratriptan, alosetron, ondansetron, vapiprost and salmeterol | [69] | |
2004 | Файл:MainiFotoThalerT.JPG | Ravinder Nath Maini | Imperial College School of Medicine | Identified TNF alpha as a key cytokine in rheumatoid arthritis and discoverer of anti-TNF therapy as an effective treatment | [70] |
Marc Feldmann | Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford | Discoverer of anti-TNF therapy as an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases, infliximab and etanercept, treatments for Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis | [71][72] | ||
2007 | Файл:Garret FitzGerald (1975).jpg | Garret A. FitzGerald | University of Pennsylvania | Prostanoid research, pharmacological inhibition of COXs versus the microsomal PGE synthase– 1,[73] involved in the interdisciplinary PENTACON consortium, integration of basic and clinical research in yeast, mammalian cells, fish, mice and humans with the objective of predicting NSAID efficacy and cardiovascular hazard in patients | [74] |
2017 | Файл:Dame Sally Davies (cropped 2).jpg | Sally Davies | Chief Medical Officer for England | Disorders of the blood and bone, sickle cell disease. | |
2020 | Michael Sofia | Arbutus Biopharma | sofosbuvir, a cure for Hepatitis C.[75] | [76] | |
2022 | Файл:Katalin Kariko light corrected.jpeg | Katalin Karikó | University of Pennsylvania | for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 | [77] |
Файл:Drew Weissman Life Science medalist.jpg | Drew Weissman | University of Pennsylvania | for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 | [77] | |
2023 |
See also
References
Шаблон:University of Edinburgh
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