Английская Википедия:Campidanese Sardinian

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Campidanese Sardinian (Шаблон:Lang-sc, Шаблон:Lang-it) is one of the two written standards of the Sardinian language, which is often considered one of the most, if not the most conservative of all the Romance languages. The orthography is based on the spoken dialects of central southern Sardinia, identified by certain attributes which are not found, or found to a lesser degree, among the Sardinian dialects centered on the other written form, Logudorese. Its ISO 639-3 code is sro.

Traditionally the name Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Lang in Italian) refers to the fertile area located around the towns of Guspini and Villacidro. Campidanese dialects can be found across the entire Province of Cagliari and not just the Province of Medio Campidano area. Campidanese also extends into parts of the Province of Nuoro, notably the Ogliastra area and in the southern half of the Province of Oristano, the capital included. However, it is at this point that the dialects merge into Logudorese.

Subvariants

There are seven main subdialects of Campidanese Sardinian, namely Western Campidanese, Sarrabese (Шаблон:Lang), Southern Barbagian, and Oristano's (Шаблон:Lang or also Шаблон:Lang), Ogliastra's (Шаблон:Lang), Cagliari's (Шаблон:Lang), and the varieties of Sulcis (Шаблон:Lang). Шаблон:Lang is the dialect spoken in the island's capital; however, it extends to most of the neighbouring towns and villages within a 15 km radius of Cagliari. In 2009, the provincial administration of Cagliari approved the spelling, phonetics, morphology, and vocabulary rules for Standard Campidanese Sardinian.

Vocabulary

Campidanese Sardinian has some borrowed words from Aragonese, Catalan and Spanish. Since the early 20th century, there has been an increase in lexical borrowing from Italian as well; that is particularly evident with technological words for which there is no Campidanese equivalent. However, many words that are from Italian have been changed phonetically so that they sound Sardinian. Italian loan words that end in an o are often substituted with a u. The strong Campidanese accent also changes the sound of the word.

Characteristics

1. Singular nouns descending from 3rd declension Latin nouns ending in "-i" (Campidanese pisci vs Logudorese Шаблон:Lang)
2. Plural definite article of "is" (Campidanese is terras vs Logudorese sas terras)
3. Gerund in "-endi" (Campidanese èssendi vs Logudorese èssende)
4. Conservation of the Latin phoneme <qu> and <gu> (Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA) in words such as akua (water) and sànguni (blood).
5. Palatalisation of Latin word-initial Шаблон:IPA before Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA (Lat. centum > centu cf. Logudorese chentu). In medial positions, Шаблон:IPA becomes Шаблон:IPA (Lat. decem > dexi cf. Logudorese deghe) or Шаблон:IPA (Lat. piscem > pisci)
6. Transformation of Шаблон:IPA to Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA to Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA to Шаблон:IPA, and Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA into Шаблон:IPA
7. Epenthetic Шаблон:IPA before word-initial Шаблон:IPA (Lat. rubeum > arrubiu)
8. Metathesis (Logudorese Carbonia vs Campidanese Crabonia)
9. Catalan influence (Words such as seu "cathedral" loaned from Catalan)

Campidanese Sardinian is intelligible to those from the central to southern part of Sardinia, where Logudorese Sardinian is spoken, but it is not to those from the extreme north of the island, where Corsican–Sardinian dialects are spoken.

Italian speakers do not understand Campidanese, like any other dialect of the Sardinian language: Sardinian is an autonomous linguistic group rather than an Italian dialect as it is often noted because of its morphological, syntactic, and lexical differences from Italian.

Writing system

Шаблон:Cleanup Campidanese is written using the Latin alphabet. Like Italian, Campidanese does not use Шаблон:Angbr or Шаблон:Angbr. Campidanese also uses the digraphs Шаблон:Angbr, representing Шаблон:IPAslink, Шаблон:Angbr representing Шаблон:IPAslink before e and i vowels, Шаблон:Angbr representing Шаблон:IPAslink and Шаблон:Angbr, representing Шаблон:IPAslink.

In phonetic syntax, final or intervocalic Шаблон:Angbr is pronounced as a Шаблон:IPAslink (es: issu andat, meaning "he goes", is pronounced Шаблон:Italic correction) and Шаблон:Angbr is pronounced as a Шаблон:IPAslink,Шаблон:Clarify (es. sa mesa, meaning "the table", is pronounced sa mez̪a). When there are consonants like s, t or nt at the end of the word, a helping vowel is usually added (es. sa domu, is domus(u), the house, the houses). If preceded by a consonant, an "i" is inserted before the normally-initial s (es: sa scala, is (i)scalas(a), the staircase, the staircases). The spelling rules were established by the Province of Cagliari with a deliberation on March 17, 2010.

See also

• Sardinian language
  • Logudorese Sardinian

External links

• Ditzionàriu in línia de sa limba e de sa cultura sarda
• Grammatica sardo-campidanese
• Saggio di grammatica campidanese, Antoninu Rubattu
• La lingua sarda: Storia, spirito e forma, Max Leopold Wagner, a cura di Giulio Paulis, Nuoro 1997
• Accademia De Sa Lingua Sarda Campidanesa - Onlus
• Campidanese basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database