Английская Википедия:Candeleros Formation
Шаблон:Infobox rockunit The Candeleros Formation (formerly known as the Candeleros Member of the "Río Limay Formation") is a geologic formation that crops out in the Río Negro, Neuquén, and Mendoza provinces of northern Patagonia, Argentina. It is the oldest formation in the Neuquén Group and belongs to the Rio Limay Subgroup. Formerly that subgroup was treated as a formation, and the Candeleros Formation was known as the Candeleros Member.[1]
Description
The type locality of the Candeleros Formation is Candeleros Hill in Neuquén Province, after which the formation was named by Wichmann in 1929.[2] This formation unconformably overlies the Lohan Cura Formation, and it is in turn overlain by the Huincul Formation, also a unit of the Neuquén Group. The sediments of the latter are of lighter greenish and yellow colors and the boundary between the Candeleros and Huincul formations is easily recognizable.[3]
The Candeleros Formation is almost Шаблон:Convert thick in some sections. Overall, the formation represents a part of the ancient Kokorkom desert with braided river system, made up mostly of sandstones and conglomerates. There are also isolated sections that represent eolian (wind-blown) deposition, as well as siltstones deposited under swamp conditions. Paleosols (soil deposits) are common in some sections as well.[1][3]
Fossil content
The Candeleros Formation has a very diverse fossil fauna, including:
- dipnoan fish (including Ceratodus argentinus)
- frogs (including Avitabatrachus)
- Rhynchocephalians (including Priosphenodon avelasi and Tika giacchinoi)
- primitive snakes (including Najash rionegrina)
- several turtles (including 2 species of Prochelidella)
- an azhdarchid pterosaur, the oldest known from South America[4]
- rebbachisaurid sauropods (Limaysaurus, Nopcsaspondylus and Rayososaurus)
- titanosaurian sauropods (including Andesaurus and a second unnamed huge titanosaur)
- abelisaurid theropods (Ekrixinatosaurus and unnamed form[5])
- a carcharodontosaurid (Giganotosaurus)
- a dromaeosaurid theropod (Buitreraptor gonzalezorum)
- an alvarezsauroid theropod (Alnashetri)
- a basal coelurosaur (Bicentenaria)
- Iguanodonts (including Bonaparteichnium)[6]
- a notosuchian (Araripesuchus)
- a basal thyreophoran (Jakapil)[7]
- cladotherian mammals (including Cronopio dentiacutus)
- ichnofossils of Sousaichnum monettae, Limayichnus major, Bonaparteichnum tali, Bressaniichnus patagonicus, Deferraiichnum mapuchense, Abelichnus astigarragae and Picunichnus benedettoi[8]
In 2021, fossil material of a giant titanosaur sauropod, distinct from Andesaurus and probably exceeding Patagotitan in size, was described from the formation by Otero et al. (2021).[9]
Amphibians
- Frogs
| Taxa | Species | Locality | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avitabatrachus | A. uliana | A Pipimorpha frog. |
- Rhynchocephalians
| Taxa | Species | Locality | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Priosphenodon | P. avelasi | An eilenodontine rhynchocephalian. | ||||
| Tika | T. giacchinoi | A sphenodontine rhynchocephalian. |
Fish
| Taxa | Species | Locality | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ceratodus | C. argentinus | A lungfish. |
Dinosaur
Ornithischian
| Taxa | Species | Locality | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bonaparteichnium | B. tali | Footprints. | An Iguanodont. | |||
| Jakapil | J. Kaniukura | MPCA-PV-630, a partial skeleton including several osteoderms and a complete lower jaw. | A Thyreophora ornithopod. |
Saurischian
- Sauropod
| Taxa | Species | Locality | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andesaurus | A. delgadoi | A titanosaur. | ||||
| Limaysaurus | L. tessonei' | A rebbachisaurid sauropod. | ||||
| Nopcsaspondylus | N. alarconensis | A rebbachisaurid sauropod. | ||||
| Rayososaurus | R. agrioensis | A rebbachisaurid sauropod. | ||||
| Titanosauria | indeterminate. |
- Theropod
| Taxa | Species | Locality | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abelichnus | A. astigerrae | |||||
| Alnashetri | A. cerropoliciensis | An alvarezsauroid theropod. | ||||
| Bicentenaria | B. argentina | A coelurosaur. | ||||
| Buitreraptor | B. gonzalezorum | A dromaeosaurid theropod. | ||||
| Ekrixinatosaurus | E. novasi | An Abelisaurid theropod. | ||||
| Giganotosaurus | G. carolinii | A skeletal specimen. | A carcharodontosaurid theropod. |
Mammals
| Taxa | Species | Locality | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cronopio | C. dentiacutus | La Buitrera. | Neuquén Group. | MPCA PV 454, a partial skull without skull roof, basicranium, and squamosals, and from the referred specimens MPCA PV 450, a partial left lower jaw with damaged teeth, and MPCA PV 453, an incomplete skull with a relatively complete right lower jaw missing some teeth. | A small insectivorous mammal that belongs to the Meridiolestida family. |
Reptiles
| Taxa | Species | Locality | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Araripesuchus | A. buitreraensis | |||||
| Najash | N. rionegrina |
See also
- List of fossil sites
- Bajo Barreal Formation, contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of the San Jorge Basin
- Cerro Fortaleza Formation, contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of the Austral Basin
- Alcântara Formation, contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of the São Luís-Grajaú Basin, Brazil
- List of dinosaur bearing rock formations
References
Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Reflist
Bibliography
- Шаблон:Cite journal Шаблон:Doi
- Шаблон:Cite journal Шаблон:Doi
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Sánchez et al., 2006
- ↑ Wichmann, 1929
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Leanza et al., 2004
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Canale et al., 2016
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Leonardi, 1994, p. 79
- ↑ Otero et al., 2021
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