Английская Википедия:Cantastoria
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:No footnotes Шаблон:Italics title
Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:IPA-it; also spelled Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA-it, Шаблон:Lang or Шаблон:Lang) comes from Italian for "story-singer" and is known by many other names around the world. It is a theatrical form where a performer tells or sings a story while gesturing to a series of images. These images can be painted, printed or drawn on any sort of material.
Asia
In 6th-century India, religious tales called Шаблон:Langs were performed by traveling storytellers who carried banners painted with images of gods from house to house. Another form called Шаблон:Lang featured the storytellers carrying vertical cloth scrolls and sung stories of the afterlife. In recent times, this is still performed by Chitrakar women from West Bengal, India.
In Tibet, this was known as Шаблон:Lang and in other parts of China this was known as Шаблон:Lang. In Indonesia, the scroll was made horizontally which is called the wayang beber and employed four performers: a man who sings the story, two men who operate the rolling of the scroll, and a woman who holds a lamp to illuminate particular pictures featured in the story. Other Indonesian theater forms, which are labelled as shadow play are the wayang kulit and wayang golek which uses rod puppetry, these are still performed today.
In Japan, Шаблон:Lang appears as Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Lang) or Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Lang) in the form of hanging scrolls divided into separate panels, foreshadowing the popular modern manga, or Japanese comics. Шаблон:Lang sometimes took the shape of little booklets, or even displays of dolls posed on the roadside with backgrounds behind them. In the 20th century, Japanese candymen on bicycles would bring serial shows called Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Lang) where the story was told on a series of changing pictures that slid in and out of an open-framed box. Some Шаблон:Lang shows had a raree show element to them, where a viewer could pay extra to peer through a hole and see a supposed artifact from the story.
Europe
In 16th-century Italy, prayers would often be sung in the presence of illuminated scrolls while secular society produced the Шаблон:Lang or "singing bench" where a person would stand on a bench pointing to pictures with a stick. In Spain up to the 19th century there were blind men who would be accompanied by a young helper who would make a living by going from town to town where they would display illustrations, and the blind man would recite or sing a story, often about crimes, while his helper pointed at the illustration relevant at that point. These were called "Шаблон:Ill" (blind man stories).
The singing bench migrated northward to Central and Northern Europe where it served as sensationalist quasi-news about murder, fires, death, affairs, sex and scandals. Performers of such controversial bench songs were seen as vagrants and troublemakers and were often arrested, exiled, or ostracised for their activities.
In Germany itinerant balladeers performed Шаблон:Lang or Шаблон:Lang (bench song) banner shows for four centuries until the Nazis banned the practice in the 1940s.Шаблон:Citation needed The German Шаблон:Lang survives in Bertolt Brecht's The Threepenny Opera (Шаблон:Lang-de) and in the performance work of Peter Schumann.
In Czechoslovakia banner shows were called Шаблон:Lang. Most of them have disappeared, with the notable exception of a parody song [[Cannoneer Jabůrek|Cannoneer Шаблон:Lang]]. In Hungary the term is called Шаблон:Lang.
See also
References
Sources
- Mair, Victor H., Painting and Performance: Chinese Picture Recitation and its Indian Genesis. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1988.
- Too Many Captain Cooks, film by Penny McDonald starring Paddy Wainburranga
- Mariangela Giusti and Urmila Chakraborty (editors), Шаблон:Lang, 2014, Шаблон:ISBN
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