Английская Википедия:Canyon Diablo (meteorite)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other uses Шаблон:Infobox meteorite
The Canyon Diablo meteorite refers to the many fragments of the asteroid that created Meteor Crater (also called Barringer Crater),[1] Arizona, United States. Meteorites have been found around the crater rim, and are named for nearby Canyon Diablo, which lies about three to four miles west of the crater.
History
The impactor fell about 50,000 years ago.[2] Initially known and used by pre-historic Native Americans, Canyon Diablo meteorites have been collected and studied by the scientific community since the 19th century. Meteor Crater, from the late 19th to the early 20th century, was the center of a long dispute over the origin of craters that showed little evidence of volcanism. That debate was largely settled by the early 1930s, thanks to work by Daniel M. Barringer, F.R. Moulton, and Harvey Harlow Nininger..[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
In 1953, Clair Cameron Patterson measured ratios of the lead isotopes in samples of the meteorite. Through U-Pb radiometric dating, a refined estimate of the age of the Earth was obtained: 4.550 billion years (± 70 million years).[10]
Composition and classification
This meteorite is an iron octahedrite (coarse octahedrite). Minerals reported from the meteorite include:
- Cohenite – iron carbide
- Chromite – iron magnesium chromium oxide
- Daubréelite – iron(II) chromium sulfide
- Diamond and lonsdaleite – carbon
- Graphite – carbon
- Haxonite – iron nickel carbide
- Kamacite iron nickel alloy – the most common component.
- Base metal sulfides
- Schreibersite – iron nickel phosphide
- Taenite – iron nickel alloy
- Troilite – a variety of the iron sulfide mineral pyrrhotite. The troilite in this sample is used as the standard reference for sulfur isotope ratios.
- Moissanite – a variety of silicon carbide, the second hardest natural mineral.
Samples may contain troilite-graphite nodules with metal veins and small diamonds.
Fragments
The biggest fragment ever found is the Holsinger Meteorite, weighing Шаблон:Convert, now on display in the Meteor Crater Visitor Center on the rim of the crater. Other famous fragments:
- Шаблон:Convert, Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand. The largest fragment outside the United States.[11]
- [[:File:Météorite Canyon Diablo.JPG|Шаблон:Convert]], Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France.
- [[:File:Canyon Diablo meteorite.jpg|Шаблон:Convert]], Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona.[12]
- 226,8 kilograms (500 lb), MINES ParisTech Mineralogy Museum, Paris School of Mines, France.
- Шаблон:Convert, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- 194 kilograms (427 lb), Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin.
- 179 kilograms (395 lb), Griffith Observatory, Los Angeles, California.
- Шаблон:Convert, Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut.[13][14]
- [[:File:Clark Iron (Fragment of Canyon Diablo) in the UCLA meteorite museum.jpg|Шаблон:Convert]], "Clark Iron," Meteorite Gallery, University of California, Los Angeles.[15]
- 145 kilograms (320 lb), Geology Museum, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
- [[:File:Touching meteorites.jpg|Шаблон:Convert]], Franklin Institute, Philadelphia.[16]
- [[:File:Barringer Iron Meteorite.JPG|Шаблон:Convert]], Griffith Observatory, Los Angeles, California. Fragment loaned by the Geology Department of Pomona College.
- [[:File:Canyon Diablo meteorite 221 pounds.jpg|Шаблон:Convert]], California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.
- 82 kilograms (181 lb), Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas.
- Шаблон:Convert, Newark Museum, Newark, New Jersey.
- 46 kilograms (101 lb), Branner Library, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
- 28 kilograms (57 lb), Peoria Riverfront Museum, Dome Planetarium, Peoria, Illinois.
- Шаблон:Convert, Basket Meteorite, Meteor Crater Museum, Arizona.[17][18]
- 19 kilograms (42 lb), Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philadelphia.
See also
References
External links
Шаблон:Meteorites Шаблон:Meteorites by name
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Barringer, D.M. (1906). "Coon Mountain and its Crater." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 57:861–86. PDF
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Canyon Diablo Meteorite; MET16, Canterbury Museum collection on eHive
- ↑ Meteorite moves to Flag
- ↑ Adirondack Sky Center Meteoroids
- ↑ When Worlds Collide: Collaboration and Coincidence in a Mystery from the Skies
- ↑ UCLA's new Meteorite Museum rocks Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Canyon Diablo meteorite at The Franklin Institute
- ↑ Rummager's galactic find turns out to be stolen meteorite
- ↑ Long-lost meteorite comes home to Arizona
