Английская Википедия:Cap (sport)

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Файл:Misc Honours Caps.gif

Various international honours caps

In sport, a cap is a player's appearance in a game at international level. The term dates from the practice in the United Kingdom of awarding a cap to every player in an international match of rugby football and association football. In the early days of football, the concept of each team wearing a set of matching shirts had not been universally adopted, so each side would distinguish itself from the other by wearing a specific sort of cap.

An early illustration of the first international football match between Scotland and England in 1872 shows the Scottish players wearing cowls, and the English wearing a variety of school caps. The practice was first approved on 10 May 1886 for association football after a proposal made by N. Lane Jackson, founder of the Corinthians:

The act of awarding a cap is now international and is applied to other sports. Although in some sports physical caps may not now always be given (whether at all or for each appearance) the term cap for an international or other appearance has been retained as an indicator of the number of occasions on which a sportsperson has represented a team in a particular sport. Thus, a "cap" is awarded for each game played and so a player who has played x games for the team is said to have been capped x times or have won x caps.

The practice of awarding a physical cap varies from sport to sport. It may be awarded before a player's debut or, particularly for national teams, a commemorative cap may be awarded after a player reaches the 100th cap.

Association football

Файл:Harry Kane England cap at the London Museum.jpg

England cap awarded to Harry Kane for his appearance against Germany in June 2021 at the 2020 UEFA Euro, his 58th overall.

Some men's association football teams still award physical caps. Players are awarded one cap for every match they play – unless they play in a World Cup or European Championship finals tournament, then they are given a single cap for the competition, with the names of all their opponents stitched into the fabric of the cap itself. For example, when David Beckham made his one-hundredth appearance for England, because a number of his appearances had been at World Cup and European Championship final tournaments for which he could only receive one cap, he received only his 85th physical cap. In Scotland, for many years the practice was to present caps only for appearances in the British Home Championship, meaning that several players never received one (including those in their 1958 FIFA World Cup squad); this anomaly was rectified retrospectively in the 2000s after pressure from players' families.

FIFA recognises certain international games as ones where a player can be awarded a cap – these games are regarded as International "A" games. These are matches in which both nations field their first Representative Team.

Records

The world record holder for the highest number of international caps as of 5 November 2010 is retired American player Kristine Lilly, who has 354 caps. In men's association football, the record belongs to Cristiano Ronaldo of Portugal; he surpassed Bader Al-Mutawa with his 197th cap on 23 March 2023, before extending his record to 198 caps on 26 March 2023. The first footballer to win 100 international caps was Billy Wright of England's Wolverhampton Wanderers. Wright went on to appear 105 times for England, 90 of them he obtained whilst he was a captain.

Bold denotes players currently active in international football.

Men

Most caps in men's association football

Rank	Caps	Name	Country	Шаблон:Abbr
1	205	Cristiano Ronaldo	Шаблон:Fb	2003–present
2	196	Bader Al-Mutawa	Шаблон:Fb	2003–present
3	195	Soh Chin Ann	Шаблон:Fb	1969–1984
4	184	Ahmed Hassan	Шаблон:Fb	1995–2012
5	180	Sergio Ramos	Шаблон:Fb	2005–2023
		Ahmed Mubarak Al-Mahaijri	Шаблон:Fb	2003–present
7	179	Andrés Guardado	Шаблон:Fb	2005–present
8	177	Mohamed Al-Deayea	Шаблон:Fb	1993–2006
		Claudio Suárez	Шаблон:Fb	1992–2006
10	176	Gianluigi Buffon	Шаблон:Fb	1997–2018

Women

Most caps in women's association football

Rank	Caps	Name	Country	Шаблон:Abbr
1	354	Kristine Lilly	Шаблон:Fbw	1987–2010
2	319	Christine Sinclair	Шаблон:Fbw	2000–2023
3	311	Christie Pearce	Шаблон:Fbw	1997–2015
4	307	Carli Lloyd	Шаблон:Fbw	2005–2021
5	276	Mia Hamm	Шаблон:Fbw	1987–2004
6	274	Julie Foudy	Шаблон:Fbw	1988–2004
7	255	Abby Wambach	Шаблон:Fbw	2001–2015
8	241	Joy Fawcett	Шаблон:Fbw	1987–2004
9	232	Caroline Seger	Шаблон:Fbw	2005–present
10	231	Heather O'Reilly	Шаблон:Fbw	2002–2016

Cricket

As in association football, cricket still awards a physical cap. Caps are awarded both at international and domestic level, however the criterion for winning a cap differs between international and domestic cricket.

In international cricket, a player is awarded a cap for every appearance made. It is common for a player to be presented with their cap in a ceremony on the first morning of their maiden Test match, although a physical cap may not be presented for every occasion on which a player represents his country. International caps are numbered according to the number of players who have represented the country before. For example, cap number 50 is awarded to the fiftieth player to represent the country.Шаблон:Ref

In some domestic cricket competitions, caps are also awarded. However, they are not awarded automatically for every appearance made, but instead at the discretion of the administrators of the club for whom the recipient plays, and are a one-off recognition that the recipient is now a regular, established player for the club. The most prevalent example of this system is in English county cricket, in which many First Class counties award a "county cap" to players.

As of April 2021, 70 players have won 100 or more caps in Test cricket.

Records

Players still active at Test level are in bold type.

Most caps in men's test cricket

Rank	Caps	Name	Country	Шаблон:Abbr
1	200	Sachin Tendulkar	Шаблон:Cricon India	1989–2013
2	178	James Anderson	Шаблон:Cricon England	2003–present
3	168	Ricky Ponting	Шаблон:Cricon Australia	1995–2012
		Steve Waugh	Шаблон:Cricon Australia	1985–2004
5	166	Jacques Kallis	Шаблон:Cricon South Africa ICC World XI	1995–2013
6	164	Shivnarine Chanderpaul	Шаблон:Cricon West Indies	1994–2015
		Rahul Dravid	Шаблон:Cricon India ICC World XI	1996–2012
8	161	Alastair Cook	Шаблон:Cricon England	2006–2018
9	156	Allan Border	Шаблон:Cricon Australia	1978–1994
10	160	Stuart Broad	Шаблон:Cricon England	2007-2023

Notes Шаблон:Small

Most caps in men's one-day international cricket

Rank	Caps	Name	Country	Шаблон:Abbr
1	463	Sachin Tendulkar	Шаблон:Cricon India	1989–2012
2	448	Mahela Jayawardene	Шаблон:Cricon Sri Lanka ACC Asia XI	1998–2015
3	445	Sanath Jayasuriya	Шаблон:Cricon Sri Lanka ACC Asia XI	1989–2011
4	404	Kumar Sangakkara	Шаблон:Cricon Sri Lanka ACC Asia XI ICC World XI	2000–2015
5	398	Shahid Afridi	Шаблон:Cricon Pakistan ACC Asia XI ICC World XI	1996–2015
6	378	Inzamam-ul-Haq	Шаблон:Cricon Pakistan ACC Asia XI	1991–2007
7	375	Ricky Ponting	Шаблон:Cricon Australia ICC World XI	1995–2012
8	356	Wasim Akram	Шаблон:Cricon Pakistan	1984–2003
9	350	MS Dhoni	Шаблон:Cricon India ACC Asia XI	2004–2019
		Muttiah Muralitharan	Шаблон:Cricon Sri Lanka ACC Asia XI ICC World XI	1993–2011

Rugby union

In rugby union, 64 players have reached 100 international caps as of 27 October 2019. Players from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland are eligible for selection to the British & Irish Lions touring squad. Lions matches are classed as full international tests, and caps are awarded. The Pacific Islanders team, composed of players from Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Niue and Cook Islands have a similar arrangement, although no players involved have so far reached 100 caps (Fijian Nicky Little is closest with 71 caps).

Players still active at Test level are in bold type. Шаблон:Updated

Most caps in men's rugby union

Rank	Caps	Name	Country	Шаблон:Abbr
1	170	Alun Wyn Jones	Шаблон:Ru Шаблон:Flag	2006–2023
2	151	Sam Whitelock	Шаблон:Ru	2010-
3	148	Richie McCaw	Шаблон:Ru	2001–2015
4	142	Sergio Parisse	Шаблон:Ru	2002–2019
5	141	Brian O'Driscoll	Шаблон:Ru Шаблон:Flag	1999–2014
6	139	George Gregan	Шаблон:Ru	1994–2007
7	134	Gethin Jenkins	Шаблон:Ru Шаблон:Flag	2002–2016
8	132	Keven Mealamu	Шаблон:Ru	2002–2015
9	130	Ronan O'Gara	Шаблон:Ru Шаблон:Flag	2000–2013
10	129	Stephen Moore	Шаблон:Ru	2005–2017
11	127	Victor Matfield	Шаблон:Ru	2001–2015
		Kieran Read	Шаблон:Ru	2008–2019

Rugby league

The International Rugby League honours players that have made 50 international appearances in their career with a special golden cap. The record for most caps is held by former Australian Kangaroos player and captain Darren Lockyer with 59 matches.

Players still active at Test level are in bold type. Шаблон:Updated

Most caps in men's rugby league

Rank	Caps	Name	Country	Шаблон:Abbr
1	59	Darren Lockyer	Шаблон:Flagicon Australia	1998–2011
2	56	Cameron Smith	Шаблон:Flagicon Australia	2006–2017
3	55	Ruben Wiki	Шаблон:Flagicon New Zealand	1994–2006
4	54	Jim Sullivan	Шаблон:Flagicon Wales Шаблон:Flagicon Great Britain Шаблон:Flagicon England	1921–1934
5	53	James Graham	Шаблон:Flagicon Great Britain Шаблон:Flagicon England	2006–2019
		Adrian Morley	Шаблон:Flagicon Great Britain Шаблон:Flagicon England	1996–2012
7	51	Adam Blair	Шаблон:Flagicon New Zealand	2006–2019
		Petero Civoniceva	Шаблон:Flagicon Australia Шаблон:Flagicon Fiji	2001–2014
9	50	Mick Sullivan	Шаблон:Flagicon Great Britain Шаблон:Flagicon England	1954–1962
10	47	Ryan Hall	Шаблон:Flagicon Great Britain Шаблон:Flagicon England	2009-2022
11	46	Puig Aubert	Шаблон:Flagicon France	1946–1956
		Gary Freeman	Шаблон:Flagicon New Zealand	1986–1996
		Stacey Jones	Шаблон:Flagicon New Zealand	1995–2006
		Mal Meninga	Шаблон:Flagicon Australia	1982–1994

Netball

Physical caps are not distributed by the International Netball Federation but the term is still widely used to signify appearances. Irene van Dyk has won the most international caps having represented two nations after her switch to the Silver Ferns, a move that was allowed as the INF rules only prohibited players from representing two nations in one calendar year. Mary Waya is the only other woman to have earned over 200 caps in her thirty-year career, with exact numbers being difficult to confirm.

Players still active at Test level are in bold type. Шаблон:Updated

Most caps in women's international netball

Rank	Caps	Name	Country	Шаблон:Abbr
1	217	Irene van Dyk	Шаблон:Flagicon South Africa (72) Шаблон:Flagicon New Zealand (145)	1994–2014
2	205	Mary Waya	Шаблон:Flagicon Malawi	1984–2014
3	176	Jade Clarke	Шаблон:Flagicon England	2002–
4	159	Nadine Bryan	Шаблон:Flagicon Jamaica	1997–
5	151	Laura Langman	Шаблон:Flagicon New Zealand	2003–2020
6	150	Maria Folau	Шаблон:Flagicon New Zealand	2005–2019
7	146	Geva Mentor	Шаблон:Flagicon England	2001–
8	138	Leana de Bruin	Шаблон:Flagicon South Africa (34) Шаблон:Flagicon New Zealand (104)	1996–2016
9	137	Katrina Rore	Шаблон:Flagicon New Zealand	2008–
10	127	Lesley MacDonald	Шаблон:Flagicon Scotland	1999–2014

External links

• Men's Records and Facts—FIFA
• Players with 100+ Caps (men) RSSSF
• Picture of International Football Cap—National Museum of Scotland
• Gallery of International Caps and Honours Caps