Английская Википедия:Cape Barren Island
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use Australian English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox islands
Cape Barren Island, officially truwana / Cape Barren Island,[1] is a Шаблон:Convert island in Bass Strait, off the north-east coast of Tasmania, Australia. It is the second-largest island of the Furneaux Group, with the larger Flinders Island to the north, and the smaller Clarke Island to the south. The highest point on the island is Mount Munro at Шаблон:Convert.[2] Mount Munro is named after James Munro (c. 1779-1845), a former convict turned sealer who, from the 1820s, lived for more than 20 years with various indigenous women on nearby Preservation Island.
The south-eastern point of the island was named Cape Barren by Tobias Furneaux in Шаблон:HMS in March 1773.[3]
The island was gazetted as a locality of the Flinders Council in 1968. Its population numbered 66 in 2016,[4] most of them in the settlement called The Corner, on the north-west coast.[5]
Australia's only native goose, the Cape Barren goose, was first documented by European explorers on the island.Шаблон:Citation needed
History
Sealing is known to have taken place from 1798 when the 80-ton brig Nautilus, under Captain Charles Bishop, arrived from Sydney to commence commercial sealing in Bass Strait.[6] They began operations in Kent’s Bay and took nearly 9000 seal skins in the first season. Other vessels followed from Sydney and the United States. Competition between the sealing gangs led to a violent clash between American and British sealers in 1803.[7]
Today, the residents of Cape Barren Island consist of an Aboriginal community of approximately 70 people. Most of the residents are descended from a community of mixed descent (European and Aboriginal people), who had originally settled on several smaller nearby islands but relocated to Cape Barren Island in the late 1870s.[8] The colonial government of Tasmania established a formal reserve in 1881 and commenced providing basic social services to the community. By 1908, the population had grown to 250 people.
More active government intervention began in 1912, with the passage of the Cape Barren Act.[9] The stated purpose of the act was to encourage the community to become self-sufficient through both incentives and disincentives. Government visitors throughout the 1920s and 1930s reported poor health and education, and proposals were made to remove children from their parents, ostensibly for their own benefit.
Under threat of losing their children, many families relocated to mainland Tasmania. By 1944, the population had fallen to 106.[8] From the 1950s, the government did indeed remove children from their parents. That forced removal of children was part of a wider policy of assimilation, implemented in many parts of Australia and over a number of decades, that resulted in the phenomenon known as the "stolen generations". From the 1970s, a series of government policy changes were implemented that provided increasingly greater recognition of the personal and social rights of individuals.[10]
On 10 May 2005, the government released Crown lands on both Cape Barren and Clarke Island to be overseen by the local Aboriginal association.[11] This marked the first official handover of Crown land to an Aboriginal community in Tasmania.
East coast lagoons Ramsar site
On 16 November 1982, the east coast lagoons were recognised as being wetlands of international importance by being designated Ramsar site no.256. The site comprises a Шаблон:Convert complex of shallow, saline lagoons among stretches of coastal dunes and beaches. It supports various plants of special botanical interest, including nationally rare species, as well as many waterbirds.[12]
Access
Airlines of Tasmania operates a twice-weekly scheduled air service from Launceston. Various charter flight operators offer charter flights from either Tasmania, Australia or Victoria, Australia.
From Flinders Island, Cape Barren island is only a short boat trip away. Cape Barren, with the other islands in the Furneaux Group, are a popular destination for sea kayakers who attempt the crossing of Bass Strait from the Australian mainland at Wilsons Promontory, Victoria to the Tasmanian mainland.
See also
References
Шаблон:Ramsar sites in Australia Шаблон:Islands of Tasmania Шаблон:Authority control
