Английская Википедия:Cape Cleveland Light
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:Use Australian English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox lighthouse
Cape Cleveland Light is an active heritage-listed lighthouse located on the northern tip of Cape Cleveland, a promontory projecting into the Coral Sea west of Cleveland Bay in the locality of Cape Cleveland about Шаблон:Convert east of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. The lighthouse marks the northern point of the Cape, and the entrance to Cleveland Bay.Шаблон:Sfn
Establishment
Cape Cleveland was named by Captain James Cook in 1770,Шаблон:Sfn either in honour of a John Clevland the Secretary to the Admiralty around that time, or after Cleveland, England where he was born.Шаблон:Sfn
The need for a lighthouse at Cape Cleveland arose with the proclamation of Cleveland Bay as a port of entry in 1865, and the development of Townsville into a major port.Шаблон:Sfn From its beginning, the lighthouse was closely related to the Dent Island Light. The construction of both lighthouses was recommended by Commander George Poynter Heath, the Chairman of the Queensland Marine Board, in February 1878.Шаблон:Sfn The lighthouses were formally approved in April 1878 and tenders for the construction of both stations, each including a lighthouse and two keepers' cottages, were called in May 1878 and closed in June 1878.Шаблон:Sfn The tenders were awarded to W. P. Clark, who also constructed Bustard Head Light (1868),Шаблон:Sfn Low Isles Light (1877),Шаблон:Sfn Double Island Point Light (1884) and Pine Islet Light (1885).Шаблон:Sfn However, following personal difficulties,Шаблон:Sfn the contracts were transferred to John Clark and James Wiseman who completed the construction of both stations in December 1879.Шаблон:Sfn
The lighthouse was designed by F.D.G. Stanley, the Queensland Colonial Architect of the time.Шаблон:Sfn It was the thirteenth lighthouse constructed by the Government of QueenslandШаблон:Sfn and the fourteenth in total in Queensland,Шаблон:Sfn Cape Moreton Light being constructed by the New South Wales Government.Шаблон:Sfn It was built in the unique Queensland method of constructing a timber frame and cladding it with non-structural iron plates or iron sheets.Шаблон:Sfn Originally, the light also served as a rear light, but the range has since been discontinued.Шаблон:Sfn Like other lighthouses at that time it used a clockwork mechanism with weights, which had to be wound periodically. Due to its short height (Шаблон:Convert) the mechanism had to be wound every 75 minutes, which was a big strain on the lighthouse keepers.Шаблон:Sfn
Development
A telephone line to Townsville was installed in 1924.Шаблон:Sfn In 1926 the lens was replaced and the light source was converted to an acetylene gas lamp with an intensity of 50,000 cd. During World War II the lighthouse served as an observation post for the nearby Townsville which was a large allied base. An observation platform, a radar hut and a powerhouse were constructed at the post during the war, though only ruins remain.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1953 the two residences, as well as other sheds and building, were replaced.Шаблон:Sfn In 1956 the lens was replaced again.Шаблон:Sfn In the 1980s a new power house was constructed.Шаблон:Sfn On 19 September 1987Шаблон:Sfn the light was converted to solar power and in December 1987 the lightstation was demanned.Шаблон:Sfn The solar power was upgraded to its current setup on 12 July 1994.Шаблон:Sfn
Current display
The current light characteristic is a flash every 7.5 second, red or white depending on the sector. White flashes, with an intensity of 48,430 cd, visible for Шаблон:Convert, are shown on 286°-321° and 342°-259°. Red flashes, with an intensity of 10,170 cd, visible for Шаблон:Convert, are shown on 259°-286° (over Four Foot Rock). Otherwise, the light is obscured.[1]Шаблон:Sfn The apparatus is a VRB-25, turning at 1.333 rpm and the light source is a 12 Volt 35 Watt Halogen lamp.Шаблон:Sfn
Structures
Unlike other stations, the Cape Cleveland Light structures are built in a nonlinear fashion, to fit the contours of the site. They include the lighthouse, two residences, and assorted buildings.Шаблон:Sfn
Lighthouse and residences
The circular tower is Шаблон:Convert from base to lantern.Шаблон:Sfn It is built of an internal timber frame, clad with riveted galvanized iron plates, painted white.Шаблон:Sfn The tower is topped by an iron lantern room with a copper cupola, painted red. The lantern room is surrounded by a cantilevered iron balcony, supported on brackets, with simple iron railing. The tower's solar panels are mounted on the balcony.Шаблон:Sfn
The two 1953 cottages are timber-framed, clad with timber weatherboards and trimmed with timber battens, painted pale green, white and dark green. The hip roofs are clad with corrugated fibro cement with stainless steel gutters and downpipes. They have timber frame doors and timber sash windows with metal window screens.Шаблон:Sfn The structures are raised on concrete piers.Шаблон:Sfn Over the years the cottages have deteriorated in condition.
Other structures
Other structures include the old and new power houses, a garage, a workshop/store, a helipad, a flagpole, rainwater tanks, a solar powerhouse for hot water, weather recording equipment in a Stevenson screen, and remnants of a Tramway and a winch house for the now removed flying fox. The concrete foundations of the World War II observation post and radar hut also remain.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn All structures are in a dilapidated condition.Шаблон:Sfn
The old World War II powerhouse is a bunker-like structure, built of reinforced concrete with a small extension to the east, which was at some point used as a henhouse. The main section roof is covered with asphalt, and the extension has a pitched galvanised iron gable roof. One rectangular opening is in the main section and one in the extension.Шаблон:Sfn The garage and the workshop are timber-framed and fibro clad, with a gable roofs of corrugated fibro cement with metal gutters and downpipes. They have timber doors, timber floors and timber-framed louvre windows.Шаблон:Sfn
Site operation and visiting
Both the light and the site are operated by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority and are closed to the public. The site is only accessible by boat or helicopter.Шаблон:Sfn
Heritage listing
The lighthouse was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 November 1998.[2]
See also
Notes
References
- Шаблон:Cite ngall
- Шаблон:Cite rowlett
- Шаблон:Cite AHD
- Шаблон:Cite AHD
- Шаблон:Cite AHPI
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite loa
External links
Шаблон:Lighthouses of Queensland Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ List of Lights
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite QHR
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Lighthouses completed in 1879
- Lighthouses in Queensland
- Queensland Heritage Register
- Queensland places listed on the defunct Register of the National Estate
- Buildings and structures in North Queensland
- 1879 establishments in Australia
- Queensland in World War II
- City of Townsville
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