Английская Википедия:Cape Kidnappers
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use New Zealand English Шаблон:Infobox landform
Cape Kidnappers, known in Māori as Шаблон:Lang and officially gazetted as Cape Kidnappers / Te Kauwae-a-Māui, is a headland at the southeastern extremity of Hawke's Bay on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island and sits at the end of an Шаблон:Convert peninsula which protrudes into the Pacific Ocean. It is Шаблон:Convert south-east of the city of Napier. Access to the cape by road stops at Clifton, which is the departure point for many tourists visiting the gannet colony.[1] The Cape Kidnappers Golf Course lies between the headland and the nearby coastal community of Te Awanga.
The cliffs towards the cape are made up of sandstone, conglomerate, mudstone, river gravel, pumice and silt.[2] The land surrounding the cape and the gannet colony comprises large working farms grazing sheep and cattle. The peninsula, including farm land and the bird colony locations, is enclosed in a predator-proof fence built in 2007 to prevent introduced predators such stoats, ferrets, and feral cats re-invading the headland[3] after a successful and still ongoing pest-control programme.[4]
History
The headland was named after an attempt by local Māori to, according to Captain Cook, abduct a member of Cook's crew aboard HMS Endeavour, during a landfall there on 15 October 1769. The crew member was Taiata, the 12 year old nephew or servant of Tupaia, the Tahitian arioi who served as the Endeavour's interpreter and guide. Cook's journal states that Taiata was over the side of the ship when a Maori fishing vessel approached the Endeavour offering to trade fish, before seizing the boy and attempting to flee with him. Sailors from Endeavour′s deck immediately opened fire on the fishing boat, killing two Māori and wounding a third.[5]
Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti's perspective is that Rangatira Te Rangikoianake and his son Hawea led a rescue party in order to free what they thought was a young Māori boy being held captive on the ship. This history was acknowledged in the 2015 Heretaunga Tamatea Deed of Settlement with the Crown.[6]
Taiata promptly jumped overboard and swam back to Endeavour, while the remaining Māori paddled their craft back to shore. A 4-pounder cannon was fired after them from Endeavour′s quarterdeck, but the Māori boat was soon out of range.[5]
Cook described the cape as having steep white cliffs on either side, with two large rocks resembling hay stacks near the headland.[5]
Following the passage of the Heretaunga Tamatea Claims Settlement Act 2018, the name of the headland was officially altered to Cape Kidnappers / Te Kauwae-a-Māui.[7] The Māori portion of the name refers to 'the fish hook of Māui', referring to a legend in which the North Island is a large fish which was caught by the demigod Māui.
Important Bird Area
The cape has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International[8] because it is a breeding site for over 6500 pairs of Australasian gannets. The numbers have steadily increased in the past two decades, making this gannet colony the largest and most accessible mainland colony in the world.[2] The gannet nesting season is from mid-September to mid-December, with the juvenile chicks staying as late as May to migrate to Australia.
Tourists can either reach the cape and gannet colony by walking along the coast, or by private minibus tours via an inland road that was built to service the golf course and resort.[9] A tour along the coast with passenger trailers pulled by a tractor operated for more than 70 years before closing in 2023.[10] This came after the beach track was closed and the tours suspended for two years following a landslide in 2019 that injured three tourists.[11]
- Gannet colony
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Cliffs showing 2019 landslide
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Colony on plateau in spring with nesting adults
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Colony on plateau in summer with older chicks
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Black Reef colony
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Colony further out on the cape
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Overflow colony on the shore below
See also
- Joseph Bryan Nelson and Kazimierz Wodzicki, who conducted important bird studies there.
References
Bibliography
External links
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Английская Википедия
- Landforms of the Hawke's Bay Region
- Headlands of New Zealand
- History of the Hawke's Bay Region
- Important Bird Areas of New Zealand
- Hastings District
- Rock formations of New Zealand
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
