Английская Википедия:Capital punishment in North Korea

Содержание

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Human Rights in North Korea Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Disputed Capital punishment is a legal penalty in North Korea. It is used for many offences such as grand theft, murder, rape, drug smuggling, treason, espionage, political dissidence, defection, piracy, consumption of media not approved by the government and proselytizing religious beliefs that contradict practiced Juche ideology. Owing to the secrecy of the North Korean government, working knowledge of the topic depends heavily on anonymous sources, accounts of defectors (both relatives of victims, and former members of the government) and reports by Radio Free Asia, a United States government-funded news service that operates in East Asia. The country allegedly carries out public executions, which, if true, makes North Korea one of the last four countries to still perform public executions, the other three being Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Somalia, but this has been disputed by some defector accounts.

Reported executions

The South-Korean-based Database Center for North Korean Human Rights has collected unverified testimony on 1,193 historic executions in North Korea to 2009. Amnesty International reported that there were 105 executions between 2007 and 2012. The Foreign Policy periodical estimated there were 60 executions in 2010. In October 2001, the North Korean government told the UN Human Rights Committee that only 13 executions had occurred since 1998 and that no public execution had occurred since 1992.

On December 13, 2013, North Korean state media announced the execution of Jang Sung-taek, the uncle by marriage of North Korea's leader Kim Jong-un. The South Korean National Intelligence Service believes that two of his closest aides, Lee Yong-ha and Jang Soo-keel, were executed in mid-November.

In 2014, the United Nations Human Rights Council created a Commission of inquiry on human rights in the DPRK, investigating and documenting alleged instances of executions carried out with or without trial, publicly or secretly, in response to political and other crimes that are often not among the most serious. The Commission determined that these systematic acts, if true, rise to the level of crimes against humanity.

List of reported executions

Date of execution	Convict	Crime	Method	Source
October 2022	Two unnamed teenagers	Distributing South Korean movies	Public execution by firing squad	Radio Free Asia
October 2022	Unnamed teenager	Murder of stepmother	Public execution by firing squad	Radio Free Asia
January 2022	Unnamed man and woman	Distributing South Korean movies	Public execution by firing squad	Daily NK
March 2, 2021	Three unnamed men and one unnamed woman	Distributing South Korean movies	Public execution by firing squad	Daily NK
July 20, 2020	Six unnamed men	Sex trafficking	Public execution by shooting	Radio Free Asia
May 2020	Unnamed woman and man	Escape attempt	Execution by shooting	Radio Free Asia
April 2020	Three unnamed men	Theft	Execution by shooting	Radio Free Asia
February 2020	Unnamed man	Quarantine violation	Execution by shooting
March 2019	Two unnamed women	Fortune-telling	Public execution by shooting
January 10, 2019	Unnamed man	Murder of prison guard	Execution by shooting
December 2018	Unnamed man	Corruption	Public execution by shooting
December 2018	Unnamed person	Fortune telling	Public execution; method unspecified
November 17, 2018	Unnamed woman	Fortune telling	Execution by shooting	Daily NK
2018	Male Military officer	Embezzlement
February 27, 2017	5 unnamed men	Making false report	Execution by shooting
April 2017	One man	Extortion, murder, theft	Secret execution; method unspecified	Daily NK
May 2015	Choe Yong-gon	Treason
2015	Six people	Conducting Christian worship	Execution by shooting
2014	Unspecified	Conducting Shamanism	Unspecified	USCIRF
2014	49-year-old man	Calling relative in South Korea	Unspecified
December 12, 2013	Jang Song-thaek and 7 unnamed men	Treason	Execution by shooting
April 2011	Child and Grandmother	Conducting Christian worship	Execution by firing squad
January 3, 2011	Unnamed man and unnamed woman	Treason	Execution by shooting
March 17, 2010	Pak Nam-gi	Treason	Execution by shooting
July 10, 2007	Unnamed woman	Stealing and murder of a 12 year-old girl	Execution by shooting
May 17, 2007	Two Guards	Selling drugs and theft	Public execution
March 2, 2005	Han Bok Nam	Illegal border crossing and Human trafficking	Public execution by shooting
March 1, 2005	Choi Jae Gon and Park Myung Gil	"Anti-Socialism"	Public execution by shooting
February 28- March 1, 2005	Three men	Human trafficking	Public execution by shooting
March 2002	Three members of the Lee Min Park family	Conducting Christian worship	Unspecified
1997	So Kwan-hui	Sabotage	Public execution by shooting
1981	Woo In-hee	Mistress of Kim Jong-il	Public execution by shooting

Public executions

North Korea was alleged to have resumed public executions in October 2007 after they had declined in the years following 2000 amidst international criticism. Prominent supposedly executed criminals include officials convicted of drug trafficking and embezzlement. Common criminals convicted of crimes such as murder, robbery, rape, drug dealing, smuggling, piracy, vandalism, etc. have also been reported to be executed, mostly by firing squad. The country does not publicly release national crime statistics or reports on the levels of crimes. Шаблон:As of, North Korea is allegedly one of four countries carrying out executions in public, the other three being Iran, Saudi Arabia and Somalia. However, according to defectors interviewed by The Diplomat in 2014, the practice of such activities had not occurred, at least in Hyesan since 2000.

In October 2007, a South Pyongan province factory chief convicted of making international phone calls from 13 phones he installed in his factory basement was supposedly executed by firing squad in front of a crowd of 150,000 people in a stadium, according to an unverified report from a South Korean aid agency called Good Friends. Good Friends also reported that six were killed in the rush as spectators left. In another unverified instance, 15 people were allegedly publicly executed for crossing the border into China.

A U.N. General Assembly committee has adopted a draft resolution, co-sponsored by more than 50 countries, expressing "very serious concern" at reports of widespread human rights violations in North Korea, including public executions. North Korea has condemned the draft, saying it is inaccurate and biased. The report was sent to the then 192-member General Assembly for a final vote.

In 2011, two people were allegedly executed in front of 500 spectators for handling propaganda leaflets floated across the border from South Korea, reportedly as part of an unverified campaign by former North Korean leader Kim Jong-il to tighten ideological control as he groomed his youngest son, Kim Jong-un, as the eventual successor.

In June 2019, a South Korean NGO the Transitional Justice Working Group released an unverified report “Mapping the Fate of the Dead” that suggested 318 sites in North Korea supposedly used by the government for public executions. According to the NGO, public executions have taken place near rivers, fields, markets, schools, and sports grounds. The report alleges that family members and children of those sentenced to death were forced to watch their executions.

Capital punishment in prison camps

Amnesty International has alleged that torture and executions are widespread in political prisons in North Korea. Unverified testimonies describe secret and public executions in North Korean prisons by firing squad, decapitation or by hanging. Executions are allegedly used as a means of deterrence, often accompanied by torture.

See also

• Human rights in North Korea
• Prisons in North Korea
• Persecution of Christians in North Korea

External links

• North Korea Шаблон:Webarchive on the Death Penalty Worldwide database