Английская Википедия:Carachipampa

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Шаблон:Short description

Файл:ISS039-E-21907 - View of Argentina.jpg
Space image of Carachipampa

Carachipampa is a Pleistocene volcanic cone in Argentina. Part of a wider, regional volcanic field, it has produced lava flows consisting of andesite. It is surrounded by a lake and a salt flat, the former of which features an ecosystem formed by microbes.

Volcano

Carachipampa lies in the Catamarca ProvinceШаблон:Sfn of northwestern Argentina.Шаблон:Sfn It is a black volcanic cone with its summit on the southeastern crater rim, surrounded by a field of lava flows that were fed from the northwestern side of the cone.Шаблон:Sfn Part of the southeastern flank of the cone is collapsed.Шаблон:Sfn The occurrence of eroded scoria cones and lava domes has been reported.Шаблон:Sfn The lava flows reach thicknesses of Шаблон:Convert and lengths of Шаблон:Convert,Шаблон:Sfn and consist of mafic andesiteШаблон:Sfn that defines a calc-alkaline suite. Phenocrysts are mostly amphibole, clinopyroxene and olivine.Шаблон:Sfn Rock samples from the volcano have been analyzed.Шаблон:Sfn

The volcano erupted 750,000 years agoШаблон:Sfn and is part of the fourth volcanic stage in the region.Шаблон:Sfn There are a number of mafic volcanic centres in the southern Puna, including Antofagasta de la Sierra north of Carachipampa.Шаблон:Sfn Cerro Blanco farther southwest produced ignimbrites, which cover the terrain southwest of Carachipampa,Шаблон:Sfn and is still active.Шаблон:Sfn Seismic tomography has identified a low-speed anomaly underneath Carachipampa, which connects to it and to several neighbouring volcanoes like Galán and Ojos del Salado.Шаблон:Sfn The so-called "Cerro Galán Magmatic Body" lies north of Carachipampa; the volcano lies above its margin.Шаблон:Sfn There is evidence of neotectonic activity at Carachipampa.Шаблон:Sfn

Surroundings

The cone lies at the centre, and the lowest point, of aШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert wideШаблон:Sfn deserted, vegetation-freeШаблон:Efn plainШаблон:Sfn that is one of the lowest-elevation areas in the Puna.Шаблон:Sfn To the west, across a ridge, lies the Incahuasi basin,Шаблон:Sfn to the east there is a sharp demarcation withШаблон:Sfn the Campo de Piedra PomezШаблон:Sfn with numerous yardangs carved into ignimbrites. Permian red beds and Paleogene sediments crop out close to Carachipampa.Шаблон:Sfn Other rock formations around the Carachipampa plain range in age from Neoproterozoic over Devonian. The basin is filled with sediments, reaching thicknesses of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn The basin is notable for the giant (up to Шаблон:Convert high), wind-formed megaripples;Шаблон:Sfn they are found southwest of Carachipampa in the valley that runs to Cerro Blanco.Шаблон:Sfn Winds have removed fine materials, leaving only granular material on the plain,Шаблон:Sfn and eroded sediments from wetlands.Шаблон:Sfn

Climate and water

The region has a cold and arid climate,Шаблон:Sfn as the Andes prevent block from the Atlantic. Winds blow mostly from the northwest and can be intense, explaining the widespread aeolian landforms at Carachipampa.Шаблон:Sfn Other traits of the climate are high UV radiation, large daily temperature fluctuations and frequent drying, which make the environment similar to that experienced on Mars.Шаблон:Sfn

There are two major waterbodies at Carachipampa,Шаблон:Sfn which surround the volcano:Шаблон:Sfn

Several watercourses, many of which are ephemeral, flow into the Carachipampa waterbodies. These include the Pirica and Colorado rivers and the creek at El Peñón.Шаблон:Sfn At least one creek feeds the waterbodies.Шаблон:Sfn The Pirica and Colorado rivers may still flow to Carachipampa.Шаблон:Sfn Wetlands are found mainly north of CarachipampaШаблон:Sfn and cover an area of about Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

It is probable that in the past, the basin extended to Fiambalá, before it was separated by volcanic activity.Шаблон:Sfn Later, activity of the Antofagasta de la Sierra volcanoes farther north removed inflow from the northШаблон:Sfn although it is possible that water still flows underground from Antofagasta to Carachipampa.Шаблон:Sfn Until 1905 years ago, the climate was wetter and a terrace formed at Laguna Carachipampa.Шаблон:Sfn Active wetlandsШаблон:Sfn and beach environments developed around 644 years ago.Шаблон:Sfn

Human use

The town of El Peñón is east of Carachipampa,Шаблон:Sfn and the volcano/lake is a tourism destination.Шаблон:Sfn The roadШаблон:Efn from Belen to Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca passes by Carachipampa.Шаблон:Sfn There is no evidence of agriculture or archeological sites around Carachipampa,Шаблон:Sfn but the inhabitants of Peñón used the wetlands as pastures.Шаблон:Sfn Bolivia briefly claimed the southern Puna including Carachipampa during the Puna de Atacama dispute in the early 20th century.Шаблон:Sfn

Owing to its extreme environmental conditions, Carachipampa has been used as an Earth-based analogue to Mars.Шаблон:Sfn Alum and salt were extracted from Carachipampa,Шаблон:Sfn and presently the company Lake Resources owns rights about a lithium extraction project at Carachipampa.Шаблон:Sfn The name may refer to Quechua Шаблон:Lang, "plain"; the first component may be a reference to either Шаблон:Lang, "salt", or Шаблон:Lang, a type of white ground, or Шаблон:Lang, "Erial sterile field".Шаблон:Sfn

Notes

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References

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Sources

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External links

TOPONIMIA INDÍGENA DEL VALLE DE COPIAPÓ. by HERMAN CARVAJAL LAZO

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Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Carachipampa&oldid=13770228