Английская Википедия:Caralho

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More footnotes

Файл:Caralho.jpg
Caralho written in graffiti in Lisbon

Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:IPA-pt) is a vulgar Portuguese-language word with a variety of meanings and uses. Literally, it is a noun referring to the penis, similar to English dick, but it is also used as an interjection expressing surprise, admiration, or dismay in both negative and positive senses in the same way as fuck in English. Шаблон:Lang is also used in the intensifiers Шаблон:Lang, placed after adjectives and sometimes adverbs and nouns to mean "very much" or "lots of", and Шаблон:Lang, both of which are equivalent to the English vulgarities fucking and as fuck.

Шаблон:Lang is cognate with Spanish Шаблон:Lang and Шаблон:Lang, Galician Шаблон:Lang, and Catalan Шаблон:Lang. However, cognates have not been identified in other Iberian languages including Basque.[1] Italian has Шаблон:Lang, a word with the same meaning, but attempts to link it to the same etymology fail on phonological grounds because the /r/ of Шаблон:Lang (or its absence in Шаблон:Lang) remains unexplained, and no Latin phonological sequence develops as both /x/ in Spanish and /tts/ in Italian.

Records show that the word has been in use since the 10th century in Portugal, appearing on the "poems of insult and mockery" in the Galician-Portuguese lyric. After the Counter-Reformation, the word became obscene and its original sense meaning the erect penis became less common. Nowadays, Шаблон:Lang is commonly used as a dysphemism and in erotism. The word is also used in the abbreviation form of "crl" and "krl".

Etymology

The etymology of Шаблон:Lang and its cognates is uncertain, but several hypotheses have been put forward. On the basis of both semantics and historical phonology, the most plausible source appears to be unattested Vulgar Latin Шаблон:Lang, which would have been a Latinized diminutive of Ancient Greek Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transl, "stick"). Another possibility is Late Latin Шаблон:Lang or its diminutive, Шаблон:Lang ("empty"), eventually used to describe a crow's nest on a ship.

Philologist and Romanist Joan Coromines suggested that the word may have a Pre-Roman origin in the Celtic root Шаблон:Lang.[2]

Etymologist Christian Schmitt proposed that the etymon is Ancient Greek Шаблон:Lang ("nut").[2]

History

Файл:Estartit Medas Inseln.jpg
The islet of Carall Bernat in Costa Brava off northeastern Spain, which is named for its phallic shape

In the 10th century, the word was commonly used to name mounts that had a phallic shape. An early evidence of its vulgarity stems from 974, when the Monastery of Sant Pere de Rodes received a donation from Gausfred, Count of Rossillon, which referred to Шаблон:Lang, a nearby mount, as having "a dishonest and indecorous name, although well-known by everyone".[3][4][5][6] In 982, King Lothair of France donated land to the same monastery: Шаблон:Lang.[7]

A vulgar Galician-language poem from the mid-13th century, by Castilian trovador Pedro Burgalês, uses the word in reference to a woman named Maria Negra, who had a strong desire for the phallus: Шаблон:Poem quote

Galician-Portuguese poet Martin Soares mentions an anti-hero named Dom Caralhote (a parody of Lancelot) who is kidnapped and locked for life by a damsel he once dishonored: Шаблон:Poem quote

See also

Шаблон:Wiktionary

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Harvnb
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  6. ↑ Abadal: Cataluña Carolingia, cited at Diccionario Etimológico de la Lengua Castellana de Joan Corominas
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
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