Английская Википедия:Carbon dioxide (data page)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates This page provides supplementary chemical data on carbon dioxide.
Material Safety Data Sheet
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions. MSDS for solid carbon dioxide is available from Pacific Dry Ice, inc.
Structure and properties
Шаблон:Chembox header | Structure and properties | |
---|---|
Index of refraction, nD | 1.000449 at 589.3 nm and 0 °C[1] |
Dielectric constant, εr | 1.60 ε0 at 0 °C, 50 atm |
Average energy per C=O bond | 804.4 kJ/mol at Шаблон:Cvt[2] |
Bond length | C=O 116.21 pm (1.1621 Å)[3] |
Bond angle | O–C–O: 180°[3] |
Magnetic susceptibility | ? |
Surface tension | 4.34 dyn/cm at 20 °C and equilibrium pressure |
Viscosity[4] of liquid at equilibrium pressure |
0.0925 mPa·s at 5 °C 0.0852 mPa·s at 10 °C 0.0712 mPa·s at 20 °C 0.0625 mPa·s at 25 °C 0.0321 mPa·s at 31.1 °C |
Thermodynamic properties
Шаблон:Chembox header | Phase behavior | |
---|---|
Triple point | Шаблон:Cvt, 518.5 kPa |
Critical point | Шаблон:Cvt, 7.38 MPa |
Std enthalpy change of fusion, ΔfusH |
9.019 kJ/mol at triple point[5] |
Entropy change of fusion, ΔfusS |
40 J/(mol·K) at triple point |
Std enthalpy change of vaporization,[6][7] ΔvapH |
15.326 kJ/mol at Шаблон:Cvt (348 J/g) |
Std entropy change of vaporization, ΔvapS |
70.8 J/(mol·K) |
Шаблон:Chembox header | Solid properties | |
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfH |
−427.4 kJ/mol |
Standard molar entropy,[8] S |
51.07 J/(mol·K) |
Heat capacity,[8] cp |
2.534 J/(mol·K) at Шаблон:Cvt |
Шаблон:Chembox header | Liquid properties | |
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfH |
? kJ/mol |
Standard molar entropy, S |
? J/(mol K) |
Heat capacity,[9] cp | 80—150 J/(mol·K) at 220—290 K |
Шаблон:Chembox header | Gas properties | |
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfH |
−393.52 kJ/mol |
Standard molar entropy, S |
213.79 J/(mol·K) |
Heat capacity,[10][11] cp |
33.89 J/(mol K) at –75 °C |
Heat capacity ratio[10] γ = cp/cv |
1.37 at –75 °C |
van der Waals' constants[12] | a = 363.96 L2 kPa/mol2 b = 0.04267 liter per mole |
Equilibrium with carbon monoxide[13] CO + ½O2 → CO2 K = <math chem>\frac{[\ce{CO2}]}{[\ce{CO}][\ce{O2}]^{1/2}}</math> pK = log10 K |
pK = 45.0438 at T = 298.16 K |
Solubility in water at various temperatures
Aqueous Solubility of CO2 at 101.3 kPa (1 atm) partial pressure[14] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- ‡Second column of table indicates solubility at each given temperature in volume of CO2 as it would be measured at 101.3 kPa and 0 °C per volume of water.
- The solubility is given for "pure water", i.e., water which contain only CO2. This water is going to be acidic. For example, at 25 °C the pH of 3.9 is expected (see carbonic acid). At less acidic pH values, the solubility will increase because of the pH-dependent speciation of CO2.
Vapor pressure of solid and liquid
Шаблон:Chembox header | P in mm Hg | 1 | 10 | 40 | 100 | 400 | 760 | 1520 | 3800 | 7600 | 15200 | 30400 | 45600 |
Шаблон:Chembox header | P in atm (2sf, derived from mm Hg) | 0.0013 | 0.013 | 0.053 | 0.13 | 0.53 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 60 |
Шаблон:Chembox header | P in kPa (derived from mm Hg / atm) | 0.13 | 1.3 | 5.3 | 13 | 53 | 101.325 | 202.65 | 506.625 | 1013.25 | 2026.5 | 4053 | 6079.5 |
Шаблон:Chembox header | T in °C | −134.3(s) | −119.5(s) | −108.6(s) | −100.2(s) | −85.7(s) | −78.2(s) | −69.1(s) | −56.7 | −39.5 | −18.9 | 5.9 | 22.4 |
Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. Annotation "(s)" indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor over solid. Otherwise temperature is equilibrium of vapor over liquid. For kPa values, where datum is whole numbers of atmospheres exact kPa values are given, elsewhere 2 significant figures derived from mm Hg data.
Phase diagram
Файл:Carbon dioxide pressure-temperature phase diagram.svg
Liquid/vapor equilibrium thermodynamic data
The table below gives thermodynamic data of liquid CO2 in equilibrium with its vapor at various temperatures. Heat content data, heat of vaporization, and entropy values are relative to the liquid state at 0 °C temperature and 3483 kPa pressure. To convert heat values to joules per mole values, multiply by 44.095 g/mol. To convert densities to moles per liter, multiply by 22.678 cm3 mol/(L·g). Data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed. pages 2560–2561, except for critical temperature line (31.1 °C) and temperatures −30 °C and below, which are taken from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. page 1463.
Carbon dioxide liquid/vapor equilibrium thermodynamic data | ||||||||
Temp. °C |
Pvap Vapor pressure kPa |
Hliq Heat content liquid J/g |
Hvap Heat content vapor J/g |
ΔvapH Heat of vapor- ization J/g |
ρvap Density of vapor g/cm3 |
ρliq Density of liquid g/cm3 |
Sliq Entropy liquid J/mol-°C |
Svap Entropy vapor J/mol-°C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
−56.6 | 518.3 | 1.179 | ||||||
−56.0 | 531.8 | 1.177 | ||||||
−54.0 | 579.1 | 1.169 | ||||||
−52.0 | 629.6 | 1.162 | ||||||
−50.0 | 683.4 | 1.155 | ||||||
−48.0 | 740.6 | 1.147 | ||||||
−46.0 | 801.3 | 1.139 | ||||||
−44.0 | 865.6 | 1.131 | ||||||
−42.0 | 933.8 | 1.124 | ||||||
−40.0 | 1005.7 | 1.116 | ||||||
−38.0 | 1081.9 | 1.108 | ||||||
−36.0 | 1161.8 | 1.100 | ||||||
−34.0 | 1246.2 | 1.092 | ||||||
−32.0 | 1335.1 | 1.084 | ||||||
−30.0 | 1428.6 | 1.075 | ||||||
−28.89 | 1521 | −55.69 | 237.1 | 292.9 | 0.03846 | 1.0306 | −9.48 | 43.41 |
−27.78 | 1575 | −53.76 | 237.3 | 291.0 | 0.03987 | 1.0276 | −9.13 | 43.21 |
−26.67 | 1630 | −51.84 | 237.6 | 289.4 | 0.04133 | 1.0242 | −8.78 | 43.01 |
−25.56 | 1686 | −49.87 | 237.6 | 287.5 | 0.04283 | 1.0209 | −8.45 | 42.78 |
−24.44 | 1744 | −47.91 | 237.8 | 285.7 | 0.04440 | 1.0170 | −8.10 | 42.56 |
−23.33 | 1804 | −45.94 | 237.8 | 283.6 | 0.04600 | 1.0132 | −7.75 | 42.36 |
−22.22 | 1866 | −43.93 | 237.8 | 281.7 | 0.04767 | 1.0093 | −7.40 | 42.14 |
−21.11 | 1928 | −41.92 | 237.8 | 279.6 | 0.04938 | 1.0053 | −7.05 | 41.94 |
−20.00 | 1993 | −39.91 | 237.8 | 277.8 | 0.05116 | 1.0011 | −6.68 | 41.71 |
−18.89 | 2059 | −37.86 | 237.8 | 275.7 | 0.05300 | 0.9968 | −6.31 | 41.49 |
−17.78 | 2114 | −35.82 | 237.6 | 273.6 | 0.05489 | 0.9923 | −5.98 | 41.27 |
−16.67 | 2197 | −33.73 | 237.6 | 271.2 | 0.05686 | 0.9875 | −5.61 | 41.05 |
−15.56 | 2269 | −31.64 | 237.3 | 269.2 | 0.05888 | 0.9829 | −5.26 | 40.83 |
−14.44 | 2343 | −29.54 | 237.3 | 266.9 | 0.06098 | 0.9782 | −4.91 | 40.61 |
−13.33 | 2418 | −27.41 | 237.1 | 264.5 | 0.06314 | 0.9734 | −4.54 | 40.39 |
−12.22 | 2495 | −25.27 | 236.9 | 262.2 | 0.06539 | 0.9665 | −4.17 | 40.15 |
−11.11 | 2574 | −23.09 | 236.7 | 259.7 | 0.06771 | 0.9639 | −3.80 | 39.92 |
−10.00 | 2654 | −20.90 | 236.4 | 257.3 | 0.07011 | 0.9592 | −3.43 | 39.68 |
−8.89 | 2738 | −18.69 | 235.9 | 254.8 | 0.07259 | 0.9543 | −3.06 | 39.46 |
−7.78 | 2823 | −16.45 | 235.7 | 252.2 | 0.07516 | 0.9494 | −2.69 | 39.22 |
−6.67 | 2910 | −14.18 | 235.2 | 249.4 | 0.07783 | 0.9443 | −2.32 | 38.98 |
−5.56 | 2999 | −11.90 | 234.8 | 246.6 | 0.08059 | 0.9393 | −1.94 | 38.74 |
−4.44 | 3090 | −9.977 | 234.3 | 243.8 | 0.08347 | 0.9340 | −1.57 | 38.50 |
−3.89 | 3136 | −8.410 | 234.1 | 242.4 | 0.08494 | 0.9313 | −1.37 | 38.37 |
−2.78 | 3230 | −6.046 | 233.6 | 239.7 | 0.08797 | 0.9260 | −0.98 | 38.12 |
−1.67 | 3327 | −3.648 | 232.9 | 236.6 | 0.09111 | 0.9206 | −0.59 | 37.88 |
−0.56 | 3425 | −1.222 | 232.4 | 233.6 | 0.09438 | 0.9150 | −0.20 | 37.62 |
0.56 | 3526 | 1.234 | 231.7 | 230.5 | 0.09776 | 0.9094 | 0.20 | 37.36 |
1.67 | 3629 | 3.728 | 231.0 | 227.3 | 0.1013 | 0.9036 | 0.61 | 37.08 |
2.78 | 3735 | 6.268 | 230.4 | 224.0 | 0.1050 | 0.8975 | 1.01 | 36.83 |
3.89 | 3843 | 8.445 | 229.4 | 220.5 | 0.1088 | 0.8914 | 1.42 | 36.55 |
5.00 | 3953 | 11.46 | 228.5 | 217.0 | 0.1128 | 0.8850 | 1.83 | 36.25 |
6.11 | 4067 | 14.13 | 227.6 | 213.4 | 0.1169 | 0.8784 | 2.25 | 35.98 |
7.22 | 4182 | 16.85 | 226.5 | 209.7 | 0.1213 | 0.8716 | 2.69 | 35.68 |
8.33 | 4300 | 19.63 | 225.4 | 205.8 | 0.1258 | 0.8645 | 3.12 | 35.39 |
9.44 | 4420 | 22.46 | 224.3 | 201.8 | 0.1306 | 0.8571 | 3.56 | 35.07 |
10.56 | 4544 | 25.36 | 223.1 | 197.7 | 0.1355 | 0.8496 | 4.02 | 34.76 |
11.67 | 4670 | 28.33 | 221.8 | 193.4 | 0.1408 | 0.8418 | 4.48 | 34.45 |
12.78 | 4798 | 31.35 | 220.3 | 188.9 | 0.1463 | 0.8338 | 4.94 | 34.11 |
13.89 | 4929 | 34.49 | 218.8 | 184.3 | 0.1521 | 0.8254 | 5.42 | 33.76 |
15.00 | 5063 | 37.30 | 217.2 | 179.5 | 0.1583 | 0.8168 | 5.92 | 33.41 |
16.11 | 5200 | 41.03 | 215.1 | 174.4 | 0.1648 | 0.8076 | 6.42 | 33.02 |
17.22 | 5340 | 44.48 | 213.6 | 169.1 | 0.1717 | 0.7977 | 6.96 | 32.66 |
18.33 | 5482 | 48.03 | 211.5 | 163.5 | 0.1791 | 0.7871 | 7.49 | 32.25 |
19.44 | 5628 | 51.71 | 209.4 | 157.6 | 0.1869 | 0.7759 | 8.04 | 31.83 |
20.56 | 5776 | 55.61 | 207.0 | 151.4 | 0.1956 | 0.7639 | 8.63 | 31.38 |
21.67 | 5928 | 59.66 | 204.3 | 144.7 | 0.2054 | 0.7508 | 9.24 | 30.90 |
22.78 | 6083 | 63.97 | 201.5 | 137.5 | 0.2151 | 0.7367 | 9.89 | 30.39 |
23.89 | 6240 | 68.58 | 198.4 | 129.8 | 0.2263 | 0.7216 | 10.57 | 29.85 |
25.00 | 6401 | 73.51 | 194.8 | 121.3 | 0.2387 | 0.7058 | 11.31 | 29.24 |
26.11 | 6565 | 78.91 | 190.7 | 111.8 | 0.2532 | 0.6894 | 12.10 | 28.60 |
27.22 | 6733 | 84.94 | 186.0 | 101.1 | 0.2707 | 0.6720 | 12.99 | 27.84 |
28.33 | 6902 | 91.88 | 180.4 | 88.49 | 0.2923 | 0.6507 | 14.00 | 26.95 |
29.44 | 7081 | 100.4 | 173.1 | 72.72 | 0.3204 | 0.6209 | 15.24 | 25.85 |
30.00 | 7164 | 105.6 | 168.4 | 62.76 | 0.3378 | 0.5992 | 16.01 | 25.15 |
30.56 | 7253 | 112.3 | 162.3 | 50.04 | 0.3581 | 0.5661 | 16.99 | 24.24 |
31.1 | 7391 | 0.00 | 0.4641 | 0.4641 | ||||
Temp. °C |
Pvap Vapor pressure kPa |
Hliq Heat content liquid J/g |
Hvap Heat content vapor J/g |
ΔvapH Heat of vapor- ization J/g |
ρvap Density of vapor g/cm3 |
ρliq Density of liquid g/cm3 |
Sliq Entropy liquid J/mol-°C |
Svap Entropy vapor J/mol-°C |
Spectral data
Шаблон:Chembox header | UV-Vis | |
---|---|
λmax | ? nm |
Extinction coefficient, ε | ? |
Шаблон:Chembox header | IRШаблон:Efn | |
Major absorption bands[15][16][17] | 2347 and 667 cm−1
(4.26 and 14.99 um) |
Шаблон:Chembox header | NMR | |
Proton NMR | not applicable |
Carbon-13 NMR | 125.0[18] |
Шаблон:Chembox header | MS | |
Masses of main fragments |
Notes
References
Шаблон:Chemical data page general note
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Darwent, B. deB. (1970). "Bond Dissociation Energies in Simple Molecules" Nat. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) 31, 52 pages.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. pp. 1669–1674
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed, pp. 1525–1528.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed, pp. 1522–1524.
- ↑ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. pp. 1573–1576.
- ↑ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed., p. 1100
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web