Английская Википедия:Carex pilulifera

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Speciesbox

Carex pilulifera, the pill sedge,[1] is a European species of sedge found in acid heaths, woods and grassland from Macaronesia to Scandinavia. It grows up to Шаблон:Convert tall, with 2–4 female spikes and 1 male spike in an inflorescence. These stalks bend as the seeds ripen, and the seeds are collected and dispersed by ants of the species Myrmica ruginodis.

Varieties:

  • Carex oederi var. oederi (synonym: Carex scandinavica E.W.Davies)[2]

Description

Файл:Carex.pilulifera2.-.lindsey.jpg
Habitus

The culms of Carex pilulifera grow to a length of Шаблон:Convert, and are often noticeably curved.[3] The leaves are Шаблон:Convert long and Шаблон:Convert wide, and are fairly flat.[3] The rhizomes of C. pilulifera are very short, giving the plant a caespitose (densely tufted) appearance.[3] The tussock grows outwards through the production of annual side-shoots.[4]

The inflorescence comprises a single, terminal, male (staminate) spike, and 2–4 lateral female (pistillate) spikes.[3] The spikes are clustered together, and the whole inflorescence is Шаблон:Convert long.[3] The female spikes are Шаблон:Convert long, ovoid or approaching spherical,[3] and contains 5–15 flowers.[4] The female spikes are attached directly to the stem, and each is subtended by a bract which does not form a sheath.[3] The male spike is Шаблон:Convert long and much narrower.[3]

Distribution and ecology

Carex pilulifera has a wide distribution in Europe, extending from Macaronesia and the Balkan Peninsula to Scandinavia.[5] It grows on acidic substrates including heathland, grassland and woodland.[4] It typically inhabits soils with a pH of 4.5–6.0.[3]

As the seeds of C. pilulifera ripen, the culms bend, and can eventually touch the ground.[4] The seeds are then dispersed by ants, particularly Myrmica ruginodis,[4] in a process known as myrmecochory, and are eaten by other insects, such as the ground beetle Harpalus fuliginosus.[4]

Taxonomic history

Carex pilulifera was described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 work Species Plantarum, which marks the starting point of botanical nomenclature.[5] The specific epithet Шаблон:Lang means "bearing small globular structures", in reference to the female spikes.[6]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Taxonbar