Английская Википедия:Caribbean poetry
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Caribbean poetry is vast and rapidly evolving field of poetry written by people from the Caribbean region and the diaspora.
Caribbean poetry generally refers to a myriad of poetic forms, spanning epic, lyrical verse, prose poems, dramatic poetry and oral poetry, composed in Caribbean territories regardless of language. It is most often, however, written in English, Spanish, Spanglish, French, Hindustani, Dutch, or any number of creoles. Poetry in English from the former British West Indies has been referred to as Anglo-Caribbean poetry or West Indian poetry.
Since the mid-1970s, Caribbean poetry has gained increasing visibility with the publication in Britain and North America of several anthologies.[1] Over the decades the canon has shifted and expanded, drawing both on oral and literary traditions and including more women poets and politically charged works.[2][3][4] Caribbean writers, performance poets, newspaper poets, singer-songwriters have created a popular art form, a poetry heard by audiences all over the world.[5] Caribbean oral poetry shares the vigour of the written tradition.[5]
Among the most prominent Caribbean poets whose works are widely studied (and translated into other languages) are: Derek Walcott (who won the 1992 Nobel Prize for Literature),[6][7] Kamau Brathwaite,[8] Edouard Glissant,[9] Giannina Braschi,[10][11] Lorna Goodison,[12] Aimé Fernand Césaire,[13] Linton Kwesi Johnson,[14][15] Kwame Dawes,[16] and Claudia Rankine.[17][18]
Common themes include: exile and return to the motherland;[19] the relationship of language to nation;[20] colonialism and postcolonialism; self-determination and liberty;[21] racial identity.[22][23]
Caribbean epic poetry
Derek Walcott's Omeros (1990) is one of the most renowned epic poems of the 20th century and of the Caribbean.[24] The work is divided into seven books containing sixty-four chapters. Most of the poem is composed in a three-line form that is reminiscent of the terza rima form that Dante used for The Divine Comedy. The work, referencing Homer and other characters from the Iliad, refers to Greek, Roman, and American slavery.[25] The narrative arch of the epic takes place on the island of St. Lucia, where Walcott was born and raised, but includes imaginings of ancient Greece and Rome, as well as travels to modern day Lisbon, London, Dublin, Toronto.[26][27]
Giannina Braschi's Empire of Dreams (1988) is a postmodern Caribbean epic composed of six books of poetry that blend elements of eclogues, epigrams, lyrics, prose poem, and manifesto.[28] Braschi's United States of Banana (2011) is a geopolitical tragic-comedy about the fall of the American empire, the liberation of Puerto Rico, and the unification of the Caribbean isles.[29][30] Blending elements of poetry, lyrical essay, and dramatic dialogues, this postmodern epic tackles the subjects of global debt, labour abuse, and environmental crises on the rise.[31]
Anthony Kellman created the Caribbean poetic form Tuk Verse, which incorporates melodic and rhythmic elements of Barbadian indigenous folk music called Tuk. His 2008 book Limestone: An Epic Poem of Barbados is the first published epic poem of Barbados.[32][33]
Caribbean poets by country
Grouped by territory of birth or upbringing.
Anguilla
Barbados
- Kamau Brathwaite
- Frank Collymore
- George Lamming
- Anthony Kellman
- Paterika Hengreaves (Patricia Hendy)
- Claudia Rankine
Cuba
- Roberto Fernández Retamar
- Nicolás Guillén
- Lezama Lima
- José Martí
- Nancy Morejon
- Jorge Enrique González Pacheco
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Guyana
Haiti
Jamaica
- Louise Bennett
- Jean "Binta" Breeze
- Michelle Cliff
- Kwame Dawes
- Lorna Goodison
- Ishion Hutchinson
- Linton Kwesi Johnson
- Ann-Margaret Lim
- Una Marson
- Claude McKay
- Kei Miller
- Mutabaruka
- Oku Onuora
- Claudia Rankine
- Andrew Salkey
- Olive Senior
- Mikey Smith
Martinique
Montserrat
Puerto Rico
St Lucia
St Martin
St Vincent and the Grenadines
The Bahamas
Trinidad & Tobago
Further reading
- Arnold, James. A History of Literature in the Caribbean v. I and II. Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. (2001)
- Breiner, Laurence A. An Introduction to West Indian Poetry, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
- Brown, Lloyd. West Indian Poetry. Boston: Twayne, 1978.
- Bryan, Beverley. Teaching Caribbean Poetry. London: Routledge, 2014.
- Jenkins, Lee Margaret. The Language of Caribbean Poetry. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2004.
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Perisic, Alexandra. Precarious Crossings: Immigration, Neoliberalism, and the Atlantic. The Ohio State University Press.(2019) Шаблон:ISBN
Selected anthologies
- James Berry, Bluefoot Traveller, London: Limestone Publications, 1976.
- Stewart Brown, Caribbean Poetry Now, 1984.
- Paula Burnett, The Penguin Book of Caribbean Verse in English, 1986.
- Stewart Brown, Mervyn Morris, Gordon Rohlehr (eds), Voiceprint: An Anthology of Oral and Related Poetry from the Caribbean, 1989.
- E. A. Markham, Hinterland: Caribbean Poetry from the West Indies and Britain, Newcastle upon Tyne: Bloodaxe, 1989.
- Stewart Brown and Ian McDonald (eds), The Heinemann Book of Caribbean Poetry, 1992.
- Anthony Kellman (ed.), Crossing Water: Contemporary Poetry from the English-Speaking Caribbean, NY: Greenfield Review Press, 1992.
- Stewart Brown, Mark McWatt (eds), The Oxford Book of Caribbean Verse, 2005.
- Lasana M. Sekou (ed.), Where I See The Sun – Contemporary Poetry in St. Martin, 2013.
- Lasana M. Sekou (ed.), Where I See The Sun – Contemporary Poetry in Anguilla. St. Martin: House of Nehesi Publishers, 2015.[34]
- Lasana M. Sekou (ed.), Where I See the Sun – Contemporary Poetry in The Virgin Islands (Tortola, Virgin Gorda, Anegada, Jost Van Dyke). St. Martin: House of Nehesi Publishers, 2016.[35]
See also
- Caribbean literature
- Dub poetry
- Nation language
- Postcolonial literature
- Cuban literature
- Puerto Rican poetry
References
External links
- ↑ Edward Baugh, "A History of Poetry", in Albert James Arnold, Julio Rodríguez-Luis, J. Michael Dash (eds), A History of Literature in the Caribbean, Vol 2: English- and Dutch-speaking countries, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1994, pp. 227-282.
- ↑ Emilio Jorge Rodríguez, "Oral Tradition and New Literary Canon in Caribbean Poetry", in Albert James Arnold, Julio Rodríguez-Luis, J. Michael Dash (eds), A History of Literature in the Caribbean, Volume 3: Cross-Cultural Studies, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Co., 1994, pp. 177-185.
- ↑ Arturo Cattaneo, "Caribbean Verse: History of Literature As History in Literature". Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Christian Andrew Campbell, Romancing "the Folk": Rereading the Nation in Caribbean Poetics, Duke University dissertation, 2007.
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite bookШаблон:Page needed
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- ↑ Maya Jaggi, "Profile: Linton Kwesi Johnson - Poet on the front line" Шаблон:Webarchive, The Guardian, 4 May 2002.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ "Anthony Kellman" Шаблон:Webarchive, Authors, Peepal Tree Press.
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