Английская Википедия:Carl Bergmann (anatomist)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox scientist Carl Georg Lucas Christian Bergmann (18 May 1814 – 30 April 1865) was a German anatomist, physiologist, and biologist who developed Bergmann's rule relating population sizes to ambient temperature.[1] He also microscopically examined the cells of the retina to determine which of them converts light into neural signals that lead untimately to visual perception.[2]
Biography
In 1838 Bergmann received his medical doctorate at the University of Göttingen, and later on, served as Obermedicinalrath (Senior Medical Officer) and as a professor of anatomy and physiology at the University of Rostock. He produced a series of papers between 1839 and 1862 on comparative anatomy in Johannes Peter Müller's Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medicin.[3]
He obtained his habilitation at the University of Göttingen and was named an associate professor in 1843. From October 1852 he was a full professor and a member of the Medicinal Commission in Rostock. In 1861 he was appointed Obermedicinalrath. He died in Geneva on 30 April 1865, following his return from Menton, where he had resided for the winter because of his deteriorating health.[3]
Research
Neuroscience
Prior to the 1850s, most scientists believed that vision begins in the retinal ganglion cells.[2] However in 1854, Bergmann argued that rods and cones must be the retinal cells responsible for converting light into vision. This was because he found that these were the only cells of the fovea centralis, all the others having been pulled out of the path of light to the retina.[2] Bergmann said:
The fovea centralis, located in the middle of the most acute part of the retina, is, of course, not a blind spot. Rather, as an unusually constructed part located here, it can be assumed to be particularly advantageous. In fact, it is only those retinal elements present here that can be assumed to be percipient.[2]Шаблон:Rp
Later in the same year Heinrich Müller arrived at the same conclusion from careful measurement of moving shadows of the retinal blood vessels, using the principal of motion parallax. [4][5]
Publications
- Bergmann, C. (1846). Lehrbuch der Medicina Forensis für Juristen. Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig
- Bergmann, C. (1848). Über die Verhältnisse der Wärmeökonomie der Thiere zu ihrer Grösse . Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, Göttingen.
- Bergmann, C. and R. Leuckart (1855). Anatomisch-physiologische Uebersicht des Thierreichs. Vergleichende Anatomie und Physiologie. J. B. Müller, Stuttgart.
- Bergmann, C. (1854). "Zur Kenntnis des gelben Flecks der Netzhaut." Zeitschrift fur rationelle Medicin 3(1): 245-252.
- Bergmann, C. (1857). "Anatomisches und Physiologisches über die Netzhaut des Auges." Zeitschrift fur rationelle Medicin 3(1): 83-108.
References
- ↑ Bergmann's rule at Who Named It
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Karl Georg Lucas Christian Bergmann at Who Named It
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- Английская Википедия
- 1814 births
- 1865 deaths
- German anatomists
- 19th-century German biologists
- German physiologists
- Academic staff of the University of Rostock
- University of Göttingen alumni
- Scientists from Göttingen
- Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities
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