Английская Википедия:Carl Dair
Шаблон:Short description Harris Carleton Dair (February 14, 1912 – September 28, 1967), known as Carl Dair, was a Canadian graphic designer, teacher, type designer, and author.[1][2] Primarily a self-taught designer, Dair was internationally known and developed visual design principles for typography which are still in use today.[3][4]
Early life
Dair was born in Crowland Township in Welland, Ontario, in 1912, to William Albert Dair and Bertha Minnie Dair (née White).[5][6] Dair's first job as an 18-year-old was creating advertising and layouts for the Stratford Beacon-Herald.[3]
Career
Dair formed a partnership with Henry Eveleigh and set-up the Dair-Eveleigh Studio from 1947-51 in Montréal, Quebec. He worked principally as a freelance designer on a variety of jobs from department store art director to the typographic director for the National Film Board of Canada (1945).[3] Dair lectured on typography at the Ontario College of Art between 1959 and 1962, as well as teaching at the Jamaica School of Arts and Crafts for two years.[7]
Dair published a book, Design with Type, in 1952; it was revised and republished in 1967. In it he described principals of design using primarily typefaces; in particular, he outlined visual principles of harmony and contrast codifying seven kinds of typographic contrast: size, weight, structure, form, texture, colour, and direction. "Contrast is the opposite of concord; it is based on a unity of differences."[8] Design with Type became the first Canadian book to receive the Book of the Year Award from the American Institute of Graphic Arts (AIGA).[9] It was republished by the University of Toronto Press (First Edition) in 2000.
In 1956 and 1957, after receiving the RSC fellowship, Dair studied type design and manufacture in the Netherlands.[3] He studied metal type and hand-punching at Enschedé Foundry in Haarlem, Netherlands, where he created a silent film called Gravers and Files documenting the craft of punchcutter P. H. Radisch.[10]
Dair's experiences at Enschedé prepared Dair for the creation of a typeface called Cartier,[10][11] which was commissioned and released for Canada's 1967 centenary celebrations, to be an identifiable Canadian typeface.[12] The original design was based on hand-lettering and had some weaknesses as a typeface, which were corrected by Rod McDonald for Monotype Imaging and released in 2000.[13][14] Cartier is now widely used in Canada.[15]
In 1959, Dair was awarded the silver medal at the Internationale Buchkunst-Austellung in Leipzig, East Germany. In 1962, The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts awarded him its Arts Medal. In 1967, he became a fellow in the Society of Graphic Designers of Canada (GDC).
Dair died on a flight from New York City to Toronto on September 28, 1967.[3] The Faculty of Fine Arts at York University honors Dair's contribution to design in Canada with the Carl Dair Memorial Scholarship.[16] A collection of Dair's work can be seen on the Centre for Contemporary Canadian Art website.
Typefaces
Typefaces Designed by Carl Dair:
- Cartier (1967, Mono Lino)[17]
- Raleigh a 1977 revival of Cartier by Robert Norton, available as digital type from URW++, ParaType, Bitstream Systems, Adobe Systems, Linotype, and Monotype.
- Cartier Book (2000, Monotype) another revival by Rod McDonald.[18]
Publications
- Dair, C. Design with type. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, (1952; 2nd ed 1967)
- A Typographic Quest, 6 pamphlets published by Westvaco Papers in the 1960s
- Dair, C. (Director). (1957). Gravers and Files [Film].
References
External links
Examples of work
- Centre for Contemporary Canadian Art: The Canadian Art Database
- Stamp Designs at the Library and Archives Canada
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ [1] Berry, J. (2003, July 28). Dot-font: Seven Principles of Typographic Contrast. Via CreativePro.com
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 Graphic Designers of Canada (GDC). (2007, November 17). Gdc fellows: 1960 recipients. Retrieved from http://www.gdc.net/about/fellows/articles67.php
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ "Harris Carleton Dair, 14 Feb 1912"; Ontario Births, 1869-1912, Archives of Ontario
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Carl Dair Fonds. Massey College, Toronto (MS Word doc). Retrieved from Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Dair, C. Design with type. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1967
- ↑ University of Toronto Press (Retrieved August 3, 2011) "Timeline." http://www.utpress.utoronto.ca/noflash.html
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 The Devil's Artisan. (2008). A rogue's gallery of the Canadian book and printing arts: carl dair. Retrieved from http://devilsartisan.porcupinesquill.ca/rogues_gallery_dair.html
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ "Carl Dair, the man who gave Canada its own typeface". Our Windsor, Sep 27, 2015 by Katie Daubs
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Fonts.com (2011). Cartier. Retrieved from http://www.fonts.com/findfonts/hiddengems/cartier.htm Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Jaspert, W. Pincus, W. Turner Berry and A.F. Johnson. The Encyclopedia of Type Faces. Blandford Press Lts.: 1953, 1983, Шаблон:ISBN, p. 37
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
