Английская Википедия:Carlos Antonio López
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:For Шаблон:Family name hatnote Шаблон:Multiple issues Шаблон:Infobox officeholder Carlos Antonio López Ynsfrán (November 4, 1792 – September 10, 1862) was leader of Paraguay from 1841 to 1862.
Early life
López was born at Manorá (Asunción) on November 4, 1792, as one of eight children.[1] He graduated from Real Colegio y Seminario de San Carlos and then began a law practice, a profession which allowed him to develop influential connections.[2] He attracted the hostility of the dictator José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, his reputed uncle,[3] which caused him to go into hiding for several years.Шаблон:Sfn
Political career
López was briefly secretary of the military junta led by Colonel Mariano Roque Alonso that ruled the country from 1840 to 1841, after the death of Francia. On March 12, 1841, Congress chose López and Roque to be joint consuls for three years.[2] In 1844, he exiled Roque and assumed dictatorial powers. A few months later, Congress adopted a new constitution, which changed the head of state's title from consul to president and elected López to the new post for a 10-year term.[1] The constitution vested López with powers almost as sweeping as those "El Supremo" had held for most of his 26-year rule, effectively codifying the dictatorial powers he had seized just months earlier. The document included no guarantees of civil rights; indeed, the word "liberty" was not even in the text.
He was re-elected for a three-year term in 1854 and again in 1857 for ten more years, with the power to nominate his own successor.Шаблон:Sfn[2]
His government was directed towards developing Paraguay's primary resource extraction and strengthening Paraguay's armed forces. He contracted numerous foreign technicians, most of whom were British, and built up the formidable Fortress of Humaitá.[4]
Before the constitution adopted in 1844 that legitimized López’s presidency, Paraguay had no official document of sovereignty; López’s influence led to the recognition of Paraguay as an independent nation.[1] However, his approach to foreign affairs several times involved him in diplomatic disputes with the Empire of Brazil, the United States, and the British Empire, which nearly resulted in war.Шаблон:Sfn His government was somewhat more tolerant of opposition than Francia's had been. He released all political prisoners soon after he took full power and also took measures to abolish slavery.[5]
During his presidency, Paraguay’s economy saw unprecedented growth. He signed commercial treaties with Brazil in 1850, with Great Britain, France and the United States in 1853, and with and Argentina in 1856. His government worked to improve infrastructure and transportation within the country through the establishment of a new railroad line and steamship river routes. López also encouraged public education through the expansion of primary schools and the reopening of the seminary he attended as a young man, which increased literacy throughout the country.[1][2]
His eldest son, Francisco Solano López (1827–1870), succeeded him as president after his death.[2] A barrio of Asuncion is named after him.
See also
References
Sources
- Шаблон:EB1911
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal Шаблон:Subscription required
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-off Шаблон:Succession box Шаблон:Succession box Шаблон:S-end
Шаблон:Paraguay Presidents Шаблон:Paraguay topics
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Plá.
- Williams. - ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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