Английская Википедия:Carlos Tobalina (filmmaker)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:Infobox person Efrain "Carlos" Tobalina (1925 – March 31, 1989),[1][2] also known as Carlos Tobalina and often credited as Troy Benny,[3][4] was a Peruvian-born filmmaker and actor known for his work on pornographic films. He directed such films as Infrasexum (1969), Jungle Blue (1978), Three Ripening Cherries (1979), Sensual Fire (1980), and Flesh and Bullets (1985). He became the owner of several adult theaters, and was involved in court cases related to obscenity laws. In 1989, he was found dead from a self-inflicted gunshot wound to his head at one of his houses in Los Angeles.
Early life
Tobalina was born in 1925 in Peru, and emigrated to Brazil and then to the United States in the early 1950s.[1] He arrived in California in 1956, and over the next few years, he worked as both a car salesman at a number of car dealerships and a Spanish-language announcer.[1]
Career
In 1964, Tobalina founded C. Tobalina Productions, Inc., his film company.[1] He made his debut as a film director and actor with the 1969 film Infrasexum. By the autumn of 1971, Tobalina had become the owner of the Mayan Theater in Los Angeles, California after purchasing it for around $300,000.[1][2] Throughout the decade, Tobalina and his wife Maria Pia Palfrader took ownership of a small number of adult theaters, including the X Theater on Hollywood Boulevard and the Star Theater in La Puente.[1]
Obscenity cases
As early as 1969, Tobalina hired lawyers to defend himself and his films from obscenity laws of the time.[1] Infrasexum was brought to court in the state of Colorado on the charge of being "obscene material", but the court ultimately sided with Tobalina. After the case, Tobalina filed a counterclaim against the prosecution, which included the mayor, state attorney general, and governor of Denver.[1] In 1970, a screening of Infrasexum in Birmingham, Alabama resulted in the arrest of a theater manager and a projectionist on account of allegedly violating city ordinances regarding obscene material.[5]
In September 1971, the Los Angeles County Superior Court declared Tobalina guilty of violating a California Penal Code regarding the exhibition of obscene material for screening the 1971 film Januarius.[1] Tobalina then hired lawyer Stanley Fleishman to appeal the ruling; appeals were made to the Los Angeles County appellate court, which upheld the ruling, and the California Supreme Court, which declined to review the case.[1] Fleishman then petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court. By 1973, after an increase in pornography-related court cases similar to those Tobalina was involved in, the U.S. Supreme Court redefined its definition of "obscenity" with the decision Miller v. California, from "utterly without socially redeeming value" to that which lacks "serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value".[1][6]
Personal life
Tobalina married a bookkeeper named Maria Pia Palfrader in 1964, becoming a stepfather to her young daughter Gloria.[1] Two years later, in 1966, he and Maria had a daughter named Linda.[1]
Death
On March 31, 1989, Tobalina's wife Maria found him lying unresponsive in the enclosed back patio of one of his houses in the neighborhood of Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles.[1] He was discovered with a .38 caliber Smith & Wesson revolver in his right hand, and was declared dead from a gunshot wound to the head.[1] He had written a suicide note which explained that he was suffering from terminal liver cancer.[1]
Partial filmography
Year | Film | Director | Writer | Producer | Actor | Notes | Шаблон:Tooltip |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1969 | Infrasexum | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | [7] | |
1970 | Double Initiation | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | ||
1975 | Marilyn and the Senator | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | |||
1975 | Carnal Haven | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | credited as Troy Benny | ||
1976 | Her Last Fling | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | as Bruce Van Buren and Troy Benny | ||
1977 | The Ultimate Pleasure | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | as Bruce Van Buren and Troy Benny | ||
1977 | Fantastic Orgy | Шаблон:Yes | as Troy Benny | ||||
1978 | Jungle Blue | Шаблон:Yes | as Troy Benny | ||||
1978 | Champagne Orgy | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | as Troy Benny | |||
1979 | Three Ripening Cherries | Шаблон:Yes | as Troy Benny | [3] | |||
1980 | Sensual Fire | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | as Troy Benny | [3] | ||
1981 | Undulations | Шаблон:Yes | as Troy Benny | ||||
1981 | Sexual Heights | Шаблон:Yes | as Troy Benny | ||||
1981 | Anticipation | Шаблон:Yes | as Troy Benny | [8] | |||
1982 | Lust Inferno | Шаблон:Yes | as Troy Benny | [4][9] | |||
1982 | Marathon | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | as Troy Benny | [4][9] | ||
1983 | My Sinful Life | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | as Troy Benny | [10] | |
1983 | Las Vegas Girls | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | as Troy Benny | [10] | ||
1983 | Lady Dynamite | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | as Troy Benny | |||
1983 | Flesh Pond | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | as Troy Benny | [8] | ||
1985 | Flesh and Bullets | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | as Efrain Tobalina | [11][12] | |
1986 | Super Sex | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | as Troy Benny | [13] | ||
1986 | Pulsating Flesh | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | as Troy Benny | [13] |
References
External links
- ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 1,15 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite court
- ↑ Шаблон:Ussc. Шаблон:Usgovpd
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- Английская Википедия
- 1925 births
- 1989 suicides
- Peruvian film directors
- Peruvian male film actors
- Peruvian pornographic film directors
- Suicides by firearm in California
- 1989 deaths
- Immigrants to Brazil
- Peruvian emigrants
- Brazilian emigrants to the United States
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