Английская Википедия:Carphophis vermis
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Carphophis vermis (common name western worm snake)[1] is a species of small, nonvenomous colubrid snake native to the United States.
Etymology
The specific name, vermis, is Latin for "worm".[2]
Physical description
The western worm snake has a dark, black or purplish dorsal coloration, with a lighter, pink or reddish underside.[3]
Adults are usually from Шаблон:Convert in total length (including tail); however, the maximum recorded total length is Шаблон:Convert.[4]
Geographic range
The western worm snake is found in the United States in southern Iowa, southeastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, western Illinois, Missouri, Louisiana, eastern Oklahoma, and northeastern Texas with isolated records from southwestern Wisconsin, southeastern Arkansas and middle Tennessee.[5]
Behavior
C. vermis is fossorial, and spends the vast majority of time buried in loose, rocky soil, or under damp forest leaf litter. It is abundant within its range, but rarely seen due to its secretive nature.[6]
Reproduction
Little is known about the mating habits of the western worm snake, but breeding likely occurs in the early spring. Eggs are laid in the early summer. Clutch size is normally 1-8 eggs, and hatching takes place in August or September. Hatchlings range in size from Шаблон:Convert in total length.
Diet
The western worm snake's diet consists almost entirely of earthworms,[6] but it will also consume soft-bodied insects.
Defense
If harassed, C. vermis will often release foul smelling musk from its cloaca. If handled, it may press its tail tip into the captor's hand as a defense mechanism.
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Mish, F.C. (Editor in Chief) (2004). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate® Dictionary, Eleventh Edition. Springfield Massachusetts: Merriam Webster. 40a + 1,623 pp. Шаблон:ISBN. ("worm", p. 1444).
- ↑ Smith, H.M., and E.D. Brodie, Jr. (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. Шаблон:ISBN. (Carphophis amoenus vermis, pp. 162-163).
- ↑ Conant, R. (1975). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. xviii + 429 pp. Шаблон:ISBN (hardcover), Шаблон:ISBN (paperback). (Carphophis amoenus vermis, p. 175 + Plate 25 + Map 131).
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокRDBне указан текст - ↑ 6,0 6,1 Schmidt, K.P., and D.D. Davis (1941). Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp. (Carphophis amoena vermis, pp. 102-104, Figure 20).
Further reading
- Behler, J.L., and F.W. King (1979). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Knopf. 743 pp. Шаблон:ISBN. (Carphophis amoenus vermis, p. 592 + Plate 493).
- Kennicott, R. (1859). "Notes on Coluber calligaster of Say, and a description of new species of Serpents in the collection of the North Western University of Evanston, Ill[inois]". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia [11]: 98–100. (Celuta vermis, new species, pp. 99–100).
- Powell, R., R. Conant and J.T. Collins (2016). Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. xiv + 494 pp., 47 color plates, 207 figures. Шаблон:ISBN. (Carphophis vermis, pp. 402–403, Figure 187 + Plate 38).
External links
Шаблон:Wikispecies Шаблон:Commons category
- Шаблон:EOL
- Western Worm Snake, Reptiles and Amphibians of Iowa
- Страницы с ошибками в примечаниях
- Английская Википедия
- Carphophis
- Fauna of the Plains-Midwest (United States)
- Fauna of the Southeastern United States
- Reptiles of the United States
- Taxa named by Robert Kennicott
- Reptiles described in 1859
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