Английская Википедия:Carrizozo volcanic field

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The Carrizozo volcanic field is a monogenetic volcanic field located in New Mexico, US. The volcanic field consists of two lava flows, the Broken Back flow and the Carrizozo lava flow (Carrizozo Malpais), the second youngest in New Mexico. Both lava flows originated from groups of cinder cones. The Broken Back flow is approximately Шаблон:Convert long and the Carrizozo, one of the largest in the world, is Шаблон:Convert long, covering Шаблон:Convert with a volume of Шаблон:Convert.

Carrizozo Malpais

Файл:TrinitySiteISS008-E-5604.jpg

The Carrizozo Malpais is the long dark streak across the bottom half of the image. The red arrowhead marks the location of Trinity site. Sierra Blanca is visible at lower right. The low ridge toward the top of the photo is the Oscura Mountains. Credit: NASA Astronaut photograph ISS008-E-5604, taken at an altitude of Шаблон:Convert.

The Carrizozo Malpais is a large lava flow on the west side of Carrizozo, New Mexico, on the northern part of the Tularosa Basin between Sierra Blanca to the southeast and the Oscura Mountains to the west.

The lava making up the flow came from Little Black Peak, about Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Carrizozo. It reached about Шаблон:Convert south-southwest along the bottom of Tularosa Basin in two active flows. Initial age estimates ranged from 1,000 to 1,500 years ago, but recent cosmogenic dating techniques revealed the eruption date is 5200 ± 700 years ago. At their southern end, the lava flows are about Шаблон:Convert north of the dune fields of White Sands National Park. The Carrizozo Woman's Club helped protect this state area.

The lava flow is composed of pāhoehoe lava that spread through lava tubes. The eruptions are estimated to have lasted about three decades, and the extent of the flow reflects this long eruptive duration rather than a high eruption rate.

The Valley of Fires Recreation Area provides access to the Malpaís on its east edge, about Шаблон:Convert west of Carrizozo on U.S. Route 380. The highway has several scenic overlooks where it crosses the Malpaís. The entire extent of the flow can be seen from higher elevations to the east on U.S. Route 380. The Trinity (nuclear test), first atomic bomb detonation site, is Шаблон:Convert northwest.

Broken Back flow

The Broken Back flow erupted from vents (a north-trending fissure, Broken Back Crater, and an unnamed cinder cone) located about Шаблон:Convert northwest of Little Black Peak. The flow covered an area of about Шаблон:Convert and is partially overlapped by the younger Carrizozo Malpais. This flow is significantly older than the Carrizozo Malpais, with an age estimated as 100,000 years, based on the degree of weathering and erosion.Шаблон:Sfn

• The location of Carrizozo.

  The location of Carrizozo.

• Satellite image of Carrizozo.

  Satellite image of Carrizozo.

• An overview of the lava flows (Little Black Peak in distance).

  An overview of the lava flows (Little Black Peak in distance).

• A close-up view of the lava flows, showing pahoēhoē (Hawaiian for "ropey") lava flow structure.

  A close-up view of the lava flows, showing pahoēhoē (Hawaiian for "ropey") lava flow structure.

• A western juniper tree grows out of the Carrizozo Malpaís.

  A western juniper tree grows out of the Carrizozo Malpaís.

Geology

The volcanic field is associated with the Rio Grande Rift, a region of the Earth's crust that is being slowly pulled apart. This produces faulting that provides paths for magma to reach the Earth's surface from its upper mantle.Шаблон:Sfn The lavas erupted were mildly alkaline in composition, similar to the nearby Jornada del Muerto, Hillsboro, and Black Mesa (Шаблон:Coord) flows.Шаблон:Sfn

Seismic measurements in the region have detected a possible thermal anomaly associated with the volcanic field.

Notable vents

Name	Elevation	Coordinates	Last eruption
Broken Back Crater	-	Шаблон:Coord	-
Little Black Peak	-	Шаблон:Coord	-

See also

• Jornada del Muerto
• Jornada del Muerto Volcano
• List of volcanoes in the United States
• Lava plain
• Malpaís (landform)

External links

• NMBGMR Geologic Tour - Carrizozo Malpais