Английская Википедия:Carter Aviation Technologies

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Infobox companyШаблон:Overly detailed Carter Aviation Technologies (also known as CarterCopters) is a privately held[1] aviation research and development company based in Wichita Falls, Texas, United States.

The main focus of the company is developing new technology and then licensing it to other manufacturers for use on production aircraft.[2] Carter sees its role as predominantly that of research and development with the aim of patenting[3] the aviation technological advances it makes.[4][5] The company is mainly known for making the CarterCopter, and since 2011 its replacement, the Carter Personal Air Vehicle.

History

The company (CAT) was founded in 1994[1] by Jay Carter Jr., two years after the partial sale of the wind turbine company Carter Wind Systems,[6][7] nowШаблон:When being run by his son Matt.[8][9] The company is developing the CarterCopter slowed rotor/compound (SR/C) aircraft series, the CarterCopter Propeller System[5][10][11][12][13] and a landing gear system.[5][12][14] According to Carter, the development of the propeller and landing gear was not strictly necessary, and delayed the SR/C.[15] The teetering blade hub principle used in Carter Wind Systems is also used in Carter aircraft.[15]

Until 2004, CAT received some funding via three Small Business Innovation Research programs from NASA,[16][17] totalling over $1 million.[18]

On 17 June 2005, the CarterCopter, the company's sole flying technology demonstrator, reached a rotorcraft milestone but crashed on the next flight. The aircraft had been flying at Шаблон:Convert when the drive pulley to the propeller drive-shaft bolts failed in flight, reversing propeller thrust. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair but both crew members were unharmed. The accident set the company's development back at least ten months as a small wingless autogyro was not flown until 2006,[12][19][20][21] and the Carter PAV (a subsequent 4-place manned compound rotorcraft, N110AV) was not flown until 2011.[19] Design of the PAV was begun during 2005.[22][23] Carter says it has flown Шаблон:Convert at 18,000 feet[24] and reached a Mu of 1.13.[25][26] Carter has applied to the FAA to change the PAVs certificate from research and development to demonstration.[27]

In 2007, the company modified their strategy from strictly[5] R&D to also include limited production, as potential manufacturing customers were unfamiliar with the technology and would not commit to the large development effort of bringing the concept forward to a product.[28]

CAT paid $20,000 per year in lobbying expenses in 2005 and 2006, but none in 2009 and 2010 to "monitor transportation, defense, budget, technology issues/appropriations".Шаблон:Citation needed

In 2009, Joe Lieberman earmarked $2,500,000 to Carter for slow-rotor technologies.[29]

Among the board members is tilt rotor developer Kenneth Wernicke, who engineered the Bell XV-15[30][31] as did Jay Carter.[9][32] Wernicke also worked on the Bell XV-3 and V-22 Osprey.[33]

In October 2009, the company announced it was forming two subsidiaries Carter Aerospace Development, to continue with the Research and Development, and Carter Air Vehicles to manufacture the products.[34]

On 6 September 2013, DARPA awarded $2,231,816 to Carter for the development of a medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle prototype in the TERN program ("Tactically Exploited Reconnaissance Node").[35] The goal is an aircraft capable of flying by itself from a small ship (like LCS-2) with a payload of Шаблон:Convert out to an operational radius of Шаблон:Convert.[36] Carter views vehicle recovery in rough seas as a significant challenge,[37] and tried unsuccessfully to partner with larger companies.[38] First flight of a TERN demonstrator is expected in 2017,[39] but if Carter wins the final bid, the order would be too big for them, and a partner would have to build the many aircraft.[40] Other Phase 1 recipients include AeroVironment,[41] Northrop Grumman,[42] Aurora Flight Sciences and Maritime Applied Physics.[37] AeroVironment[43] and Northrop Grumman[44] proceeded to Phase 2.

The Paul E. Haueter Award of the American Helicopter Society for 2014 was presented to Jay Carter "for his achievements in slowed-rotor compound aircraft designs capable of providing unprecedented improvements in rotorcraft operational flexibility, efficiency, speed and safety."[45]

Шаблон:Asof, Carter says they have started development of a turboprop aircraft powered by the 1,750shp Honeywell TPE331-14.[24]

Agreement with Textron

On 16 November 2009, the AAI Corporation (a division of Textron) signed a 40-year exclusive license agreement[46][47][48][49] with the company concerning all unmanned aircraft systems, one of which was intended to deliver 3000 pounds of cargo similar to the unmanned Kaman K-MAX, but over a future range of 1300 nautical miles compared to the demonstrated Шаблон:Convert or more of the K-MAX.[50][51] AAI expected this cargo aircraft to fly in 2011.[52] The agreement committed CarterCopters to developing the technology to maturity for 4 complete aircraft in 2011,[52] in exchange for exclusive rights to develop UAVs for the next 40 years.

Шаблон:External media AAI intended to use this technology in two modified Shadow UAVs[52][53][54] for flight in 2012,[55] and as the basis for their proposal to DARPAs "Flying Humvee" Transformer program.[52][56][57][58][59] DARPA selected this team for Phase 1 on 15 November 2010 lasting 15 months,[60] but later only selected Lockheed Martin for the subsequent Aerial Reconfigurable Embedded System (ARES) program.

AAI also expected to use the SR/C technology for the Shadow Knight, a powered-rotor two-propeller surveillance aircraft for the US Navy[61][62][63][64] MRMUAS program that was cancelled in 2012 to save $1.5billion.[65][66] If AAI proposed an unmanned casualty evacuation aircraft, it would also have been based on Carter technology.[67]

In 2014, Carter said they bought back the license from AAI,[68] and is seeking production partners outside USA.[24][69]

Agreement with Municipality

On 6 October 2009,[70] (final agreement 14 April 2010)[71] Carter signed a 7-year[72] agreement with the Wichita Falls Economic Development Corporation (WFEDC). The agreement provided Carter with a US$4M segmented loan (sourced from 4A sales tax) for use as operating capital to allow increased development activity and company expansion, matching some of the AAI funding.[73] The loan was provided at a zero-percent interest rate with a delayed re-payment period and also includes a forgiveness clause in exchange for new job creation[70][74][75] of 300 manufacturing jobs. The total investment by AAI and WFEDC was up to $12 million.[76] According to the agreement, Wichita Falls provided a Шаблон:Convert building for CAT around the time of first flight. The $4m was to be paid in 8 segments depending on milestones achieved (not necessarily in order): PAV flight without wings, first firm order, PAV flight with wings, second firm order, flight tests of second PAV, and hiring of a number of new employees. The agreement defines a successful flight as 30 minutes or more.[70] Carter received the first downpayment of a prototype, qualifying CAT for a loan payment from the city,[77] and as of 31 August 2010, the amount paid by the WFEDC to CAT was $468,750.[78] According to Jay Carter, these milestones are related to requirements from AAI. Carter also confirmed that CAT has "been in business for 16 years and never sold a product".[79][80]

First flight of the PAV occurred on 5 January 2011 and lasted 36 minutes, qualifying CAT for another milestone payment.[81][82] As of 18 August 2011, the amount paid by the WFEDC to CAT was $937,500.[83]

In June 2011, the company moved from its initial Шаблон:Convert buildings to a Шаблон:Convert facility with financial assistance from the City of Wichita Falls.[72][84]

AAI has provided $7.5m for license and prototype, while WFEDC has made 6 of 8 progress payments by June 2012.[85] The original milestones proved difficult, and AAI switched to progress payments instead.[73][86]

During 2012, Carter reduced the workforce from about 37[1][72][86] due to lack of funds,[87][88] and the number of employees came to 13 in 2013[25] and 5 in 2014.[89] WFEDC agreed to a Carter proposal of changing the finance agreement to match the AAI progress method, in order to continue operations. WFEDC would provide two loan payments (almost $1million) in exchange for Carter stock and intellectual property, and Carter offers assets they estimate at $2.4-2.7 million as collateral for the loan.[90][73][91] However, in August 2012, Carter offered all of the $2.7 million of hard assets, and refused transfer of intellectual property to the City as that would limit the company's ability to raise money. The WFEDC approved the agreement[85] after lengthy discussion,[87] but if loan repayments are not commenced 4 years after signage,[70] WFEDC could consider the agreement to be in default.[85] In June 2014, WFEDC agreed to a two-year extension,[40][92][93] which needed approval from the city council also.[94] As of late 2015, the combined loan of 3.3 million was not paid back.[89]

As of June 2013, 7 out of 8 milestones had been met - Carter viewed the last milestone of 50 employees as unlikely to be fulfilled,[94][95] but later maintained the hope of achieving that goal.[25][89]

Carter demonstrated their second PAV (the N210AV) at Sun 'n Fun air festival and MacDill Air Force Base in 2014, both in Florida.[96] In July 2014, it was displayed at Oshkosh Airshow. Carter says it has flown Шаблон:Convert at 18,000 feet.[24]

Technology sale

In 2019, the company sold its slowed rotor technology to Jaunt Air Mobility, an Uber Air Taxi partner. Carter Aviation continued its research into new technology.[97]

Technology

Шаблон:Main The primary technology of the company is the "Slowed Rotor/Compound" (SR/C) CarterCopter concept. A compound rotorcraft uses both wings and a rotor for lift. The wings support the aircraft when airspeed is high enough. "Slowed rotor" indicates that the rotor is then slowed down in high speed flight to reduce drag. Heavy tip weights made of lead, tungsten or steel are used to make jump takeoffs and keep the slowed rotor stable.[98][99]

The CarterCopter Technology Demonstrator was the first aircraft to achieve μ-1 (Mu-1) on 17 June 2005.[100] μ-1 is "an aerodynamic limit defined by a forward speed and rotor rpm combination that results in advancing (moving into the relative wind) blade tips reaching speeds of twice that of the aircraft. At the same time, the retreating blade tips experience zero airspeed (as they rotate away from the relative wind) on the opposite side -- the entire inboard portion of the blade sees 'reverse' air flow."[101]

Aircraft

Шаблон:External media The company has not made products for sale. Four aircraft have been made or modified:

  • CarterCopter - experimental autogyro from 1998 to 2005, registration N121CC[102] (no longer in flying condition).
  • CarterGyro Demonstrator/Trainer (CGD/T), registration N899CC[103] - a modified Butterfly Monarch autogyro built by CarterCopter pilot Larry Neal[104] and used by the company to test technology developments, such as a 7.92 m (26 ft 0 in) Carter rotor[19] and energy-absorbing landing gear.[5][105]
  • Carter Personal Air Vehicle - 4-seat autogyro under development to be sold in kit form,[106] registrations N110AV[107] and N210AV.[108][109] The first flew in 2011, and shares key features with the original CarterCopter.[81][82]

Notes and references

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Coord

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Carter Aerospace Development Better Business Bureau, 10 January 2012. Accessed: 26 January 2014.
  2. ↑ VTOLs map out bespoke manufacturing routes to the mass market
  3. ↑ Patents Granted Шаблон:Webarchive Carter Aviation Technologies Retrieved: 5 June 2010.
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 O'Brien, Kevin. "CarterCopter Advances Towards Mu>1.0 (Part 1) (Part 2)" Aero-News, 26 April 2004. Accessed: 9 March 2014. Quote: "always adamantly opposed a Carter-produced aircraft"
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ "American Turbine makes 1975 - 1985" Winds of Change. Retrieved: 1 May 2010.
  8. ↑ Birzer, Brian. "Three Generations of Texas Wind Men" (video) Texas Monthly, August 2011. Accessed: 26 February 2014.
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 Galbraith, Kate and Price, Asher. "A mighty wind" page 2 Texas Monthly, August 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  10. ↑ "Carter's Efficient Props Find Customer Application" Aero-News, 6 June 2003. Accessed: 10 April 2014.
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Carter Aviation Technologies, LLC - U.S.A
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 Plack, Paul. "ANN Special Feature -- A Long Flight For The Carter PAV" in netradio interview at 2m45s Aero-News, 21 August 2008. Accessed: 13 January 2011.
  16. ↑ "SBIR/STTR Carter Aviation Technologies" 1 2 3. Source: Small Business Innovation Research. Accessed: 20 December 2013.
  17. ↑ "CAT SBIR Award Summary"
  18. ↑ Vance, Christina. (Scripps Howard) Gyroplane adds sci-fi touch to air travel The Augusta Chronicle, 22 December 2000. Accessed: 25 September 2011. Mirror
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  41. ↑ "AeroVironment joins DARPA program to develop long-range UAVs for launch from small ships" 4 September 2013. Accessed: 8 September 2013.
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  43. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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  46. ↑ "Textron Subsidiary To Develop Carter Rotor Technology" AVweb, 18 November 2009. Retrieved: 1 May 2010.
  47. ↑ Page, Lewis "VTOL gyro-copter flying car mates with killer robot" The Register, 20 November 2009. Retrieved: 10 March 2014.
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  50. ↑ "Team K-MAX demonstrates successful unmanned Helicopter Cargo resupply to U.S. Marine Corps" Шаблон:Webarchive, Lockheed Martin press release, 8 February 2010. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  51. ↑ "Wichita Falls aviation company lands lucrative deal" Seven News, undated. Accessed: 28 January 2014.
  52. ↑ 52,0 52,1 52,2 52,3 Warwick, Graham. "Carter flies VTOL hybrid" Aviation Week, 26 January 2011. Accessed: 9 March 2014.
  53. ↑ Warwick, Graham. "AAI adds unpowered rotor to Shadow UAV for VTOL"Шаблон:Dead link Aviation Week, 12 November 2010. Accessed: 27 January 2011.
  54. ↑ Warwick, Graham. "Transformer - Coming to a Theater Near You?" Шаблон:Webarchive Aviation Week, 24 October 2011. Accessed: 8 March 2014.
  55. ↑ Warwick, Graham. "AAI Flies Precursor To Advanced Shadow UAVs"Шаблон:Dead link Aviation Week, 1 August 2011. Accessed: 2 September 2011. Archive
  56. ↑ Skinner, Tony. "Textron pursues 'flying Humvee' programme" Shephard, 22 July 2010. Retrieved: 10 March 2014.
  57. ↑ Weinberger, Sharon. "The U.S. Military wants a battlefield-ready flying car" Popular Mechanics, 15 July 2010. Retrieved: 26 November 2010.
  58. ↑ "DARPA kicks off Transformer (TX) program" Шаблон:Webarchive DARPA, 12 October 2010. Retrieved: 20 February 2014.
  59. ↑ Ossi, Ron. "Slowed rotor idea takes flight" Machine Design, 2 March 2011. Accessed: 31 May 2014. Archived 18 April 2014
  60. ↑ "AAI-Led team selected for ground-breaking DARPA Transformer program" AAI Corporation, 15 November 2010. Accessed: 16 December 2010.
  61. ↑ "AAI Offers VTOL Design for US Navy Medium-Range Maritime UAS" Accessed: 20 February 2014.
  62. ↑ Warwick, Graham. "AAI Unveils Shadow Knight UAV For MRMUAS" Шаблон:Webarchive Aviation Week, 24 January 2012. Accessed: 30 January 2012. Mirror1 Шаблон:Webarchive Mirror2
  63. ↑ Warwick, Graham. "Introducing AAI's Shadow Knight" Aviation Week, 24 January 2012. Accessed: 9 March 2014.
  64. ↑ "The best of fixed-wing unmanned aircraft—only better"Шаблон:Dead link UVS / AAI / Carter, 2010. Retrieved: 10 June 2012.
  65. ↑ "PE 0305237N: Medium Range Maritime UAS" DTIC.mil, February 2012. Retrieved: 11 August 2012.
  66. ↑ Mortimer, Gary. "MRMUAS to be cancelled" SUAS news, 13 February 2012. Retrieved: 11 August 2012.
  67. ↑ Tuttle, Rich. "AUVSI: Transformers: Robots in disguise" Flight Global, 25 August 2010. Accessed: 10 March 2014.
  68. ↑ Lombardi, Frank. "Q&A with Carter Aviation CEO Jay Carter" Rotor&Wing, 6 May 2014. Accessed: 1 August 2014. Archived on 6 May 2014.
  69. ↑ "Carter Aviation Technologies Seeks Investors For PAV Prototype" Aero-News, 3 September 2014. Accessed: 27 September 2014.
  70. ↑ 70,0 70,1 70,2 70,3 Shores, Gary & Carter, Jay. Resolution 132-2009Шаблон:Dead link mirror1 Шаблон:Webarchive mirror2 City of Wichita Falls, Texas, 6 October 2009. Accessed: 4 January 2011.
  71. ↑ "Carter Signs $4 Million Incentive Agreement"
  72. ↑ 72,0 72,1 72,2 Crosbie, Katie. "Carter Aviation Technologies Shows Off New Facility" Шаблон:Webarchive Texomas, 18 January 2012. Accessed: 5 March 2014.
  73. ↑ 73,0 73,1 73,2 Foy, Melissa. "Entrepreneur Hopes 4A Board Gives Company More Money" Texomas, 1 August 2012. Accessed: 26 February 2014.
  74. ↑ Wood, Janice. Carter signs $4 million incentive agreement General Aviation News, 3 May 2010. Retrieved: 4 June 2010.
  75. ↑ Wichita Falls City Council Minutes page 697 Wichita Falls, Texas, 6 October 2009. Retrieved: 7 March 2014.
  76. ↑ Dockery, Jim. "Comprehensive annual financial report" short link page ii City of Wichita Falls, Texas, 24 March 2010. Accessed: 4 January 2011.
  77. ↑ "Carter Aviation Technology reaches first City benchmark" Texomas, 13 April 2010. Accessed: 5 March 2014.
  78. ↑ Shores, Gary et al. "Notice of meeting (amended)" Шаблон:Webarchive, 13 September 2010. Wichita Falls Economic Development Corporation. Accessed: 4 January 2011. Mirror
  79. ↑ Plack, Paul. "ANN Special Feature: Part II - Carter Aviation Technologies - 05.05.10" in netradio interview at 5m40s Aero-News, 5 May 2010. Accessed: 4 January 2011.
  80. ↑ Crosbie, Katie. "Carter announces plans to stay in W.F.; major contract with AAI" Texomas, 22 November 2009. Accessed: 5 March 2014.
  81. ↑ 81,0 81,1 Wood, Janice. "Carter PAV hits first milestone" General Aviation News, 17 January 2011. Accessed: 13 February 2012.
  82. ↑ 82,0 82,1 "Carter PAV Completes 1st Funding Milestone Flight" Aero News, 18 January 2011. Accessed: 10 March 2014.
  83. ↑ City clerk. "Resolution 84-2011", 20 September 2011. Wichita Falls Economic Development Corporation. Accessed: 1 December 2012.
  84. ↑ Wood, Janice. "Carter moves to new facility" General Aviation News, 7 June 2011. Accessed: 31 August 2011.
  85. ↑ 85,0 85,1 85,2 Shores, Gary et al. "Minutes of the Wichita Falls Economic Development Corporation" p2, 2 August 2012. Wichita Falls Economic Development Corporation. Accessed: 26 November 2012.
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  88. ↑ Foy, Melissa. "Carter Aviation Technology Continues to Reach Aviation Milestones". Texomas, 10 December 2012. Accessed: 5 March 2014.
  89. ↑ 89,0 89,1 89,2 "Carter Aviation Hoping to Move Forward With Production Plans" Texomas, 8 January 2016. Accessed: 8 February 2016.
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  94. ↑ 94,0 94,1 Ingle, John. "Funding, lack of investors temporarily grounds Carter Aviation" Times Record News, 1 September 2014. Accessed: 2 September 2014. Mirror1 Mirror2 Шаблон:Webarchive Archive
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  99. ↑ Garvey, William. "Coast to coast on 125 gal" page 48, Popular Mechanics, June 1996. Accessed: 9 January 2014.
  100. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  101. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web Diagram of Mu
  102. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  103. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  104. ↑ O'Brien, Kevin. "Carter Copter's little brother" Aero-News, 30 July 2004. Accessed: 4 January 2011. Archived on 28 August 2014.
  105. ↑ Anderson, Rod. "The CarterCopter and its legacy" Issue 83, pages 11-24 Contact Magazine, 30 March 2006. Accessed: 11 December 2010. Mirror
  106. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web Performance archive
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  109. ↑ "N210AV" Flight Aware. Accessed: 2 September 2013
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