Английская Википедия:Cathaica fasciola
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Speciesbox Cathaica fasciola is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae, which is similar to Cathaica pyrrhozona on shell morphology.[1]
Taxonomy
This species was described under the name Helix fasciola by French naturalist Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud in 1801.[2]
Distribution
This species is widely distributed in China.[3][4]
It is also known from Pliocene of Xifeng Red Clay (4.5 Ma - 3.4 Ma) in the Chinese Loess Plateau.[5] Other localities include Lower Pliocene Red Clay of Shueh-hwa-shan in Hebei Province; Pleistocene Red clay of Fenho, Shanxi Province; near Honanfu in Henan Province; near Tung-ho and in Tsing-ling-shan in Shaanxi Province; near Ta-ho in Gansu Province.[6]
Draparnaud listed "France: La Rochelle" as the type locality.[2][7] This error could happen if Draparnaud did not know origin of imported shells.
Description
The shell is thin,[8] but solid.[4] The color of the shell is white, rather opaque, with a broad chestnut-brown band at the periphery, and a faint brownish band below the suture.[4] The shape of the shell is depressed above and below.[4] The spire is low-conoid.[4] The surface is shining, sculptured above with close rib-striae, becoming more delicate below.[4] The shell has 5½ whorls.[8][4] The earliest whorl is smooth, shining, forming a subacute apex.[4] Following whorls are slightly convex, slowly increasing, separated by an impressed suture.[4] The last whorl is much wider, rounded at the periphery, hardly descending in front.[4] Aperture is slightly oblique, lunate-oval.[4] Peristome is white and thickened with a strong white lip.[8][4] The umbilicus is rapidly narrowing to a narrow, deep perforation.[4] The width of umbilicus is one-eighth the greatest diameter.[4]
The width of the shell is 15 mm.[8][4] The height of the shell is 8.5 mm.[4]
Digestive system: radula and jaw was depicted by George Washington Tryon and Henry Augustus Pilsbry in 1894.[9]
Reproductive system: penis is slender, ending in a long retractor and the terminal vas deferens.[9] Dart sac is large, opening into atrium.[9] There is a dense cluster of about ten club-shaped, glandular mucus glands near the atrium base.[9] Spermatheca duct is long.[9]
The diploid number of chromosomes (2n) is 60.[10][11] Seven chromosome pairs are metacentric, one pair is submetacentric and 22 pairs are telocentric.[11]
Ecology
Cathaica fasciola it is often locally abundant.[12] It was thought that Cathaica fasciola belongs to the cold-aridiphilous and meso-xerophilous groups of species in 2006.[5] However it is considered as a typical species of eurytopic group as of 2018.[13] It is one of main species found in Quaternary loess terrestrial gastropod assemblages in China.[13]
Cathaica fasciola is polyphagous and it causes damage to vegetables, fruits, flowers and other economic agricultural crops.[3] The food preference study of Cathaica fasciola was published in 2015.[14]
It hibernates in winter and it aestivates in summer.[3] It produces an epiphragm during the dormancy.[3]
Parasites of Cathaica fasciola include Dicrocoelium trematode.Шаблон:Clarify[15]
Predators of snails Cathaica fasciola include Rathouisia leonina (in laboratory conditions only).[16]
Cathaica fasciola is considered as a pest in agriculture.[3] Most affected areas in China include: Beijing municipality, Zhejiang Province, Henan Province, Yunnan Province and Shanxi Province.[3]
References
This article incorporates public domain text from references
External links
Шаблон:Commons category-inline
- Шаблон:In lang Zhang, M., Zong, Y., Wang, X., Cai, X., & Zhang, Z. (2009). Study on the death-feigning behavior of the harmful mollusk, Cathaica fasciola (Draparnaud 1801). Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 42(11), 3914-3921. abstract, abstract in Chinese.
- Шаблон:In lang Minzhao, Z., Yu, Z., Xueying, W., Xue, C., & Zhiyong, Z. (2009). The Study on the Body-Turning Behavior of Cathaica fasciola (Draparnaud)[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 17, 199-202. abstract, abstract in Chinese.
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:In lang Zhang, J.M., Yu, G.Y. & Zhou, W.C. (2011). The identification and control of Cathaica fasciola. Plant Protection 37: 208–209. Шаблон:Doi.
- Шаблон:In lang Zhang, G. & Wade, C.M. (2023) Molecular phylogeny and morphological evolution of the Chinese land snail Cathaica Möllendorff, 1884 (Eupulmonata: Camaenidae) in Shandong Province, China. Biological Journal of the Linean Society Шаблон:Doi
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокDraparnaud 1801не указан текст - ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 4,00 4,01 4,02 4,03 4,04 4,05 4,06 4,07 4,08 4,09 4,10 4,11 4,12 4,13 4,14 4,15 4,16 Tryon G. W. & Pilsbry H. A. (1892). Volume 8. Helicidae – Volume VI. – Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. pages 204-205, plate 47, figures 60-63.
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ "Species taxon summary. fasciola Draparnaud, 1801 described in Helix". AnimalBase, last change 2008-10-18, accessed 2018-11-11.
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 8,4 Tryon G. W. (1887) Volume 3. Helicidae – Volume I. – Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. page 208, plate 47, figures 57-59.
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 9,4 9,5 Tryon G. W. & Pilsbry H. A. (1894). Volume 9. Helicidae – Volume VII. – Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. pages 205-206, plate 55, figures 6-7, plate 65, figures 7-8, plate 66, figure 32.
- ↑ Sun, T. (1995). "Chromosomal studies in three land snails". Sinozoologia, 12: 154-162.
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ County, S. P. (2002). 14 Bradybaena ravida (Benson)(Bradybaenidae) in Cereal-Cotton Rotations of Jingyang. Molluscs as Crop Pests, page 316.
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Minzhao, Z., Yanli, D., Xiaochun, Q., Guang, Y., Shuling, S., Jinzhong, W., & Zhiyong, Z. (2015). The feeding selection of Cathaica fasciola to 25 different plants. Plant Protection, 4, 020. abstract.
- ↑ QUIWEN, T. C. T. Z. G., HONGCHANG, S. Z. Z. X. L., & CHIPING, C. M. Z. (1980). STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF DICROCOELIUM CHINENSIS TANG ET TANG, 1978 [J]. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 4, 008. abstract.
- ↑ Wu M., Guo J.-Y., Wan F.-H., Qin Q.-L., Wu Q. & Wiktor A. (2006). "A preliminary study of the predatory terrestrial mollusk Rathouisia leonina". The Veliger 48: 61-74.
