Английская Википедия:Catharine van Tussenbroek

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Catharine van Tussenbroek (4 August 1852 – 5 May 1925) was a Dutch physician and feminist. She was the second woman to qualify as a physician in the Netherlands and the first physician to confirm evidence of the ovarian type of ectopic pregnancy. A foundation that administers research grants was set up in her name to continue her legacy of empowering women.

Biography

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Van Tussenbroek (1922)

Albertina Philippina Catharina van Tussenbroek was born on 4 August 1852 in Utrecht to Cornelia van der Voort and Gerardus van Tussenbroek, a carpenter.Шаблон:Sfn Trained as a teacher, van Tussenbroek earned her certificate as an assistant teacher in 1870 and as a head teacher in 1875.Шаблон:Sfn She became the first woman to be admitted to Utrecht University when she embarked on her medical studies in 1880,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn earning her Ph.D. in Medicine in 1887.Шаблон:Sfn She moved to Amsterdam upon graduation and began working as a general practitioner focusing on women and children. In February 1898, she became a member of the Dutch Medical Examination Board and shortly afterward was appointed professor of gynecology at Utrecht University.Шаблон:Sfn In 1890, she was appointed assistant gynecologist at the Boerhaave Kliniek operated by Dr. Mendes de Leon in Amsterdam. At the time, few women physicians became specialists.

She spent eight years studying and working with de Leon.Шаблон:Sfn She became widely recognized and was frequently called for consultations outside the city of Amsterdam.Шаблон:Sfn By 1891, she had become secretary of the Dutch Society of Gynecology.Шаблон:Sfn

Advocating for women's health and hygiene, van Tussenbroek spoke out against constricting corsets and advocated wearing loose clothing. She pressed for reform of abortion laws and campaigned against needless surgical sterilization of women, claiming that the only beneficiaries were husbands.Шаблон:Sfn She presented a paper "The Lack of Life Spirit in Our Young Women and Girls" in 1898 at the opening of the Exhibition of Women's Work held in The Hague, which argued for women's economic independence.Шаблон:Sfn She believed that the lack of opportunity available to women and a life with the sole goal of marriage was detrimental to health, calling instead for physical activity and vocational training.Шаблон:Sfn

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Van Tussenbroek enjoyed research; had the needs of women been less urgent, she would have preferred to continue undertaking microscopic studies rather than gynecology.Шаблон:Sfn In 1899, she "demonstrated beyond question" the first accurate clinical and histological description of the existence of the rare condition of ovarian pregnancy.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn To be a true case of ovarian pregnancy, Otto Spiegelberg had set forth criteria that were required to be present.Шаблон:Sfn Van Tussenbroek settled the question of the existence of ovarian pregnancy Шаблон:Sfn with her report finding that the ovary and tube on the right side were normal, that sac upon the ovary contained an embryo, that the gestation-sac was connected via a cord, and that the sac had folds of lutein tissue.Шаблон:Sfn The medical establishment was skeptical,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn but three years after her report, her results were confirmed, though skepticism prevailed into the 1920s.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1902, she co-authored a study on cervical cancer in the Netherlands. She served as an editor for the Netherlands Journal of Medicine,Шаблон:Sfn as well as the Netherlands Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.Шаблон:Sfn Van Tussenbroek was a board member of the Dutch Society for the Advancement of Medicine.Шаблон:Sfn She also was active as a writer, frequently contributing to medical journals. Together with Dr. J. Blok and C. H. de Jong, in 1898 she published "Inleiding tot de studie der schoolhygiëne" (Introduction to the Study of School Hygiene) and in 1911 "De ontwikkeling der aseptische verloskunde in Nederland" (The Development of Aseptic Obstetrics in the Netherlands).Шаблон:Sfn

Politically active, van Tussenbroek was a member of the Society for Women's SuffrageШаблон:Sfn and wore a velvet strap pin of the portrait of the American suffragette Carrie Chapman Catt.Шаблон:Sfn Between 1910 and 1916, she served as vice-president and later president of the National Association for Female Labor. In 1919, the year that Dutch women were enfranchised, she ran as a candidate for the General Netherlands Women's Organization (Шаблон:Lang-nl) (ANVO) in the parliamentary elections, although she was defeated.Шаблон:Sfn

Van Tussenbroek died on 5 May 1925 in Amsterdam.Шаблон:Sfn

Legacy

After van Tussenbroek's death, Dr. Marianne Herwerden, a member of the Dutch Association of Women in Academic Education (Шаблон:Lang-nl) (VVAO), set up a trust fund managed by the association in 1926.Шаблон:Sfn The fund, which bears van Tussenbroek's name provides funds for Dutch women scholars to study at home or abroad and complete graduate research.Шаблон:Sfn

References

Citations

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Sources

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External links

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