Английская Википедия:Catullus 16
Шаблон:Use dmy dates Catullus 16 or Carmen 16 is a poem by Gaius Valerius Catullus (c. 84 BC – c. 54 BC). The poem, written in a hendecasyllabic (11-syllable) meter, was considered to be so sexually explicit following its rediscovery in the following centuries that a full English translation was not published until the 20th century.[1] The first line, Pēdīcābo ego vōs et irrumābō ("I will sodomize and face-fuck you"), sometimes used as a title, has been called "one of the filthiest expressions ever written in Latin—or in any other language".[2]
Carmen 16 is significant in literary history as an artistic work censored for its obscenity, but also because the poem raises questions about the proper relation of the poet, or his life, to the work.[3] Subsequent Latin poets referenced the poem not for its invective, but as a work exemplary of freedom of speech and obscene subject matter that challenged the culturally prevalent decorum or moral orthodoxy of the period. Ovid,[4] Pliny the Younger,[5] Martial,[6] and Apuleius[7] all invoked the authority of Catullus in asserting that while the poet himself should be a respectable person, his poetry should not be constrained.[8]
Censored editions
Several editions of Catullus' works omit the more explicit parts of the poem. A noteworthy example is the 1924 Loeb edition: this omits lines 1 and 2 from the English translation, but includes them in the Latin; lines 7–14 are omitted from both Latin and English; a later Loeb edition[9] gives the complete text in both languages. Other editions have been published with the explicit words blanked out.[10]
NPR bleep censored the first line of Catullus 16, both in Latin and English translation in the radiophonic exchange between Guy Raz and Mary Beard in 2009.[11] C. H. Sisson writes "the obscenity of Catullus has long been a stumbling block". He follows Loeb, omitting poem lines as non-sequitur: Шаблон:Quote Thomas Nelson Winter notes: "In the sense that this is the normal language of those to whom he directs the poem, it is not obscene. Obscenity, like beauty, is in the eyes of the beholder".[8]
Social and literary context
The poem raises questions about the proper relation of the poet, or his life, to the work.[3][12] Catullus addresses the poem to two men, Furius and Aurelius. Furius refers to Marcus Furius Bibaculus, a first-century BC poet who had an affair with Juventius, Catullus' lover. Aurelius refers to Marcus Aurelius Cotta Maximus Messalinus, a first-century BC consul, or senator, during the Julio-Claudian dynasty.[13][14][15]
Those two men either together or singly also appear in so called Catullus' Furius and Aurelius "cycle", in poems 11, 15, 21, 23, 24 and 26. The cycle considers sexual themes and with the exception of Catullus 11 uses an abusive language toward the two.[16] The two are described elsewhere as fellow members of Catullus' cohort of friends: comites Catulli.[12] According to Catullus 16, Furius and Aurelius find Catullus's verses to be molliculi ("tender" or "delicate"), implicating that the author is an effeminate poet.[16] According to T. P. Wiseman, Catullus speaks about himself in feminine terms even in his love poetry. Catullus's gentle attitude left him vulnerable in the cynical and cruel environment of Roman high society.[17] The criticism of Furius and Aurelius was directed at Catullus 5, apparently from "many thousands of kisses" at line 13. Kenneth Quinn observes: Шаблон:Quote Catullus maligns the two and threatens them with rape.[12] According to T. P. Wiseman, Catullus used the obscenity to get his message that "soft" poetry could be more arousing than explicit description to "sensibilities so much cruder than his own".[17] According to Thomas Nelson Winter, Catullus could still claim that he has a pure life (79.16), despite the self evidence of pederasty (poems 14, 109) and his love of a married woman (poem 83 mentions Lesbia's husband). Шаблон:Quote Craig Arthur Williams says Catullus 16 demonstrates that in Roman ideology of masculine vir, a man is not compromised by his penetration of other males, in fact his manhood status is bolstered.[18] Mary Beard finds the poem's message to be ironic:[3] Шаблон:Quote
Latin text and translation
| Line | Latin text | English translation[19][20][21][22] |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Шаблон:Lang | I will sodomize you and face-fuck you, |
| 2 | Шаблон:Lang | bottom Aurelius and catamite Furius, |
| 3 | Шаблон:Lang | you who think, because my poems |
| 4 | Шаблон:Lang | are sensitive, that I have no shame. |
| 5 | Шаблон:Lang | For it's proper for a devoted poet to be moral |
| 6 | Шаблон:Lang | himself, [but] in no way is it necessary for his poems. |
| 7 | Шаблон:Lang | In point of fact, these have wit and charm, |
| 8 | Шаблон:Lang | if they are sensitive and a little shameless, |
| 9 | Шаблон:Lang | and can arouse an itch, |
| 10 | Шаблон:Lang | and I don't mean in boys, but in those hairy old men |
| 11 | Шаблон:Lang | who can't get it up.[23] |
| 12 | Шаблон:Lang | Because you've read my countless kisses,[24] |
| 13 | Шаблон:Lang | you think less of me as a man? |
| 14 | Шаблон:Lang | I will sodomize you and face-fuck you. |
Micaela Wakil Janan offers the following modern English prose translation of the poem: Шаблон:Quote
Sexual terminology
Шаблон:See Latin is an exact language for obscene acts, such as pedicabo and irrumabo, which appear in the first and last lines of the poem. The term pedicare is a transitive verb, meaning to "insert one's penis into another person's anus".[25] The term pathicus in line 2 refers to the "bottom" person in that act, i.e., the one being penetrated.[26] The term irrumare is likewise a transitive verb, meaning to "insert one's penis into another person's mouth for suckling",[27] and derives from the Latin word rūma, meaning "udder" (as in: "to give something to suck on"). A male who suckles a penis is denoted as a fellator or, equivalently, a pathicus (line 2).[28] Catullus neither confirms nor denies the claim of Aurelius and Furius that he is "not a man", since, while the terms "irrumare" and "pedicare" have the literal meanings of sexual acts (that is, to receive fellatio and to bugger), they could also be employed as simple vulgarities meaning as little as "go to hell".[29]
Pedagogy
Paul Allen Miller, Professor of Comparative Literature and Classics at the University of South Carolina, suggests Catullus 16 contains information regarding:
- the historical mutability of socially accepted behavior
- the constructed nature of sexual identity
- the nature and function of gender
- the omnipresence and play of both power and resistance
- the admonitory and optative function of poetic art[30]
Notes
References
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Selden, D. L. (2007), "Ceveat lector: Catullus and the Rhetoric of Performance" in Catullus (Oxford Readings in Classical Studies), ed. J. Gaisser. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 490-559. ISBN 0199280355
External links
Шаблон:Wikisourcelang Шаблон:Wikisourcelang
- Alternate translation from Negenborn
- Latin text with comments (go to poems 11 and 16 for remarks on c. 16)
- Translation and commentary on lines 5-6
- Scanned version of c.16
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Harry Mount, "Mark Lowe is right: The Romans said it better," Telegraph 25 Nov 2009, online. Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ovid, Tristia 2.353–354.
- ↑ Pliny the Younger, Epistulæ 4.14.
- ↑ Martial, Epigrams 1.36.10–11.
- ↑ Apuleius, Apologia 11.3.
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 17,0 17,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Literally, "who can't get their inflexible loins to move." Although lumbus, singular, can sometimes be a euphemism for the penis, in the classical Latin of Catullus, the plural form "in sexual contexts … for the most part occurs in descriptions of the movements of seduction or copulation," notes J.N. Adams, The Latin Sexual Vocabulary (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982), p. 48, citing multiple examples, including this line, "where it should be taken in its original sense," that is, the loins. Durus, "hard," is thus a reference to the physical inflexibility of the aging body, not to the rigidity of the penis. Some English translators, however, find the predicament best expressed by the older male's difficulty in achieving an erection.
- ↑ Literally, "many thousands of kisses," usually taken as a reference to Carmina 5, Vivamus mea Lesbia atque amemus, and 7, Quaeris quot mihi basiationes.
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокJanan1994не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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