Английская Википедия:Caucasian Shepherd Dog

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Файл:Owtscharka Dschinie (cropped).JPG

The Caucasian Shepherd Dog or Caucasian Ovcharka is a large livestock guardian dog native to the countries of the Caucasus region, notably Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Dagestan.Шаблон:R It was developed in the Soviet Union from about 1920 from dogs of the Caucasus Mountains and the steppe regions of Southern Russia.Шаблон:R The Caucasus Mountains in Georgia has historically been the principal region of distribution of Caucasian Shepherd dogs, both in terms of numbers and the quality of the dogs present in the area.Шаблон:R

History

For centuries dogs similar to the Caucasian mountain dogs have served shepherds in the Caucasus Mountains as livestock guardian dogs,Шаблон:R defending sheep from predators, mainly wolves and human sheep-thieves.Шаблон:R These dogs are distributed over a wide area, and there are considerable regional variations: those in Azerbaijan are fairly tall and lightly built; those in Dagestan are smaller and roughly square in outline; those of the former Checheno-Ingush ASSR, now Ingushetia and Chechnya, are heavily built and very large.Шаблон:R It is widely accepted that those of Georgia are better and more uniform than those of other regions.Шаблон:R

During the twentieth century Soviet breeders selected some of these varieties among Caucasian dogs and created the Caucasian Shepherd Dog breed. Caucasian shepherds were first described by the Russian cynologist Aleksandr Mazover,Шаблон:Cn noting that the center of distribution of the breed, both in terms of numbers and quality, were Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Dagestan.Шаблон:R While the dogs from different areas of the region shared the general features today present in Caucasian shepherds, Caucasian Shepherds from Georgia were considered to be the best examples of the breed due to their size, powerful musculoskeletal structure, and attractive long fur. For this reason, the Georgian SSR became the principal region for cultivating Caucasian Shepherd dogs in the Soviet Union.Шаблон:R

The breed was definitively accepted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1984, under the patronage of the Soviet Union.Шаблон:R

Characteristics

The Caucasian Ovcharka is a large dog, usually weighing Шаблон:Val.Шаблон:R The preferred height at the withers is in the range Шаблон:Val for bitches, and Шаблон:Val for dogs;Шаблон:R the minimum heights and weights for registration are Шаблон:Val and Шаблон:Val for bitches, and Шаблон:Val and Шаблон:Val for dogs.Шаблон:R Life expectancy was reported in 2020 at 10–11 years;Шаблон:R a study published in 2024 found the median lifespan to be 5.4 years, the lowest in all breeds studied.Шаблон:R

Use

Caucasian Shepherd Dogs used to serve as guard dogs and bear hunting dogs and today they work as prison guard dogs in Russia.

Restrictions

The breed is banned in Denmark and subject to restrictions in Russia.