Английская Википедия:Cavall

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Cavall (Middle Шаблон:Lang-cy RBH & WBR; modernized: Cafall;[1] Шаблон:IPA-cy; Шаблон:Lang-la, var. Caball (ms.K))[2] was King Arthur's dog, used in the hunt for the great boar, Twrch Trwyth (Шаблон:Lang-la).

Cavall was Arthur's "favourite dog", and during a stag hunt, he was customarily the last dog to be let loose to chase after the game (Gereint Son of Erbin).Шаблон:Sfnp

Historia Brittonum

Linked to the Welsh literature regarding Arthur's dog Cafall is the mention Arthur's dog Cabal's pawprint, preserved in rock, in the Latin tract of Historia Brittonum (9th century). The print was preserved in rock while the dog was pursuing the boar Troynt. The lore is preserved in the Wonders of Britain (De Mirabilibus Britanniae or Mirabilia in shorthand) appended to the Historia Brittonum.[3] The wondrous nature of this cairn of stones was that even if someone removed that foot-printed stone to another spot, it would be back at its original heap the next day.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp[4]Шаблон:Efn

Файл:Cavall footprint stone Guest Mabinogion(1849) vol2 p360.png
Sketch of a footprint stone from Carn Cavall, Lady Guest's Mabinogion (1849)

Шаблон:Quotation

Lady Charlotte Guest was aware of the local lore that placed the monument at a mountain situated in the "district of Builth", the name by which that area was still being remembered from what was the ancient Buellt cantref of medieval Wales.[5] Nowadays, this mountain is known as Carn Gafallt,[6] but this identification is uncertain according to Geoffrey Ashe.[7] The "Buelt" name is also preserved in present-day Builth Wells (in historic county of Brecknockshire) now part of county Powys.[7][8]

Culhwch ac Olwen

Шаблон:Further Unlike the simple primitive lore, the late Welsh romance Culhwch and Olwen weaves a much more intricate tale, naming many dogs besides Cavall in the hunting party, and the quarry is no longer just the boar Twrch Trwyth itself, its seven offspring (with names), and yet another boar named Yskithyrwyn besides.

Ysgithyrwyn Chief-Boar

Yskithyrwyn Penbaedd (or Ysgithyrwyn Chief Boar) was yet another boar to be hunted by Arthur's band; its tusk, which needed to be extracted while still alive, being another of the "impossible tasks" (anoeth; pl. anoethiau) prescribed by Ysbaddaden Chief-Giant. This tusk was the tool necessary for shaving the giant to groom him up, him being the father of the bride Olwen.

In Culhwch and Olwen, Arthur's dog Cavall is specifically credited with the slaying of Yskithyrwin (or at least with cornering the beast to its doom). Caw of Prydain who rides Arthur's mare Llamrei cleaves Yskithyrwyn's head with a hatchet.

Afterwards, "Bedwyr leading Cavall, Arthur's own dog",[9] joins the other hunters and dogs to pursue the great boar Twrch Trwyth and its piglets. But the specific role played by Cavall is not told.

List of dogs

The other hounds, which either belonged to Arthur's retinue or were recruited elsewhere, include:

Cavall the horse

Glas, Glesig, and Gleisad are referred to as dogs, and Call, Cuall, and Cafall as horses, and so on down the line, in the list of belongings of sons of Cleddyf, or, at least they are nowadays in modern translations.[18] However, in the first English translation by Lady Guest, Glas, etc. were construed as sword names and Call, Cuall, Cavall as dogs, respectively.

Etymology

Ifor Williams has made a study of occurrences of Cafall in old Welsh poetry.[19]

A number of scholars have commented upon the similarity of the dog's name to the Latin word caballus for "horse". In an article from 1936, R. J. Thomas said that "the name Cabal is from Latin caballus 'horse', which he considers a quite natural metaphor since the dog was strong and swift, and he compares the horse of Conall Cernach which had a dog's head".[20] Furthermore, the form Шаблон:Lang existed in Old Welsh.Шаблон:Sfnp

Bromwich further remarks, "Since carn means both 'hoof' and 'cairn' it seems more probable that Cabal/Cafall originally designated Arthur horse.. rather than his hound".Шаблон:Sfnp

See also

Explanatory notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin Шаблон:Wikisource Шаблон:Wikisource Шаблон:Wikisource

Шаблон:Refend Шаблон:Arthurian Legend Шаблон:Welsh mythology

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp, 107, 110, 199
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp, p. 217 textual variants note to line 23. The codices used for this portion of the work are CDGHKLQ.
  3. ↑ Ashe, Geoffrey. "Nennius", in: Lacy, Norris J., et al., edd., The Arthurian Encyclopedia, New York: Peter Bedrick Books, 1986, pp. 404–406: "The appendix of Mirabilia ("Marvels") may be a little later than the rest of the book, but not much" (p. 406).
  4. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок higham2018 не указан текст
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp writes: "a mountain in the district of Builth, to the South of Rhayader Gwy[i.e., on the River Wye], and within sight of that town", then on p. 360, quotes the correspondence from her informant that: "Carn Cavall..generally pronounced Corn Cavall, is a lofty and rugged mountain, in the upper part of the district anciently called Buellt, now written Builth, in Breconshire".
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp: "Carn Cabal is a cairn.. now.. Corn Gaffalt, a hill.. in north Brecknockshire, between Rhaeadr [i.e., Rhayader, Radnorshire] and Builth Wells".
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок NewArthEncy-topological не указан текст
  8. ↑ The Latin text's editor also annotates on the place name "Buelt" as "Brecknock-Radnor", Шаблон:Harvp, n5
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp / a bedwyr a chauall ki arthur ynyl w ynteu. p. 239
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp / gast rymi p. 210, gast rymhi 235
  11. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок stephens1998 не указан текст
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp, Culhwch, pp. 100, 146n: "Шаблон:Lang" make this identification. The family of wolves reverts to human form by grace of God, but it is rather a mystery how Culhwch's bridal quest was helped by this.
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp, pp. 290, 316 / "anet ac aethlem", pp. 227, 246
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp: "Glas , Glessic , Gleissat , eu tri chi; Call , Cuall , Cauall , eu tri meirch"
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp / drutywyn, pp. 225, 236, 237
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp / deu gi glythmyr lewic, glythuyr ledewic, letewic, pp. 238, 242.
  18. ↑ Such as Gwyn & Thomas Jones', 1949 and Jeffrey Gantz's, 1976.
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Harvp, notes that Ifor Williams has studied "..instances of cafall < Lat. caballus..in the Hengerdd(old poetry) CA 1203; CLlH vii, 22a; PT 38n. on caffon. (Ifor Williams, CA=Canu Aneirin, 1938; CLlH=Canu Llywarch Hen, 1935; PT=Poems of Taliesin)
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Citation, summarizing from R. J. Thomas, "Cysylltiad Arthur gogledd Ceredigion", Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 8 (2): 124–125.
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Cavall&oldid=13817014