Английская Википедия:Cawdor (Roman fort)

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Cawdor Roman Fort is near Inverness.

Cawdor (Roman Fort), located near the small village of Easter Galcantray (Шаблон:Convert east of Inverness), is suspected of being one of the northernmost Roman forts in Great Britain, though this is controversial.[1]

Discovery

In 1984, the site of a possible Roman fort was identified at Easter Galcantray, south west of Cawdor, by aerial photography.[2]

The site was excavated between 1985 and 1990 and, although no Roman pottery or artefacts were found, several features were identified that seemed supportive of this classification:

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If confirmed, it would be the most northerly known Roman fort in the British Isles.[3] The possibility that Agricola reached this far north is also suggested by discoveries at Portmahomack[4] and Tarradale on the northern shores of the Beauly Firth,[5] but Romano-British scholars have been reticent in confirming Jones' interpretation of the site.[6]

More research required

Файл:Roman fortificationsinnorthernScotland2.png
Cawdor Roman Fort is near Inverness. It was considered the northernmost place of Roman conquest and presence in Britannia, until the recent discovery of Roman military presence at Tarradale and Portmahomack.

In mid-83 CE Agricola defeated the armies of the Caledonians, led by Calgacus, at the Battle of Mons Graupius. With victory, Agricola extracted hostages from the Caledonian tribes and instructed his fleet to sail around the north coast confirming to the Romans the province of Britannia was an island. Agricola then may have marched his army to the northern coast of Britain,[7] and reached the Inverness area, near the Easter Galcantray (Cawdor) Fort. In 1985, a "small piece of Roman coarse ware" was found with burnt material at the bottom of a ditch at the site[8] but studies of the pottery identified it as medieval.[9]

Radiocarbon tests of material recovered from the site gave possible dates of construction during Agricola's first century campaign,[10] but its interpretation remains problematic because the site was occupied and abandoned quite quickly leaving no other evidence.[11] There has been no academic consensus over two centuries regarding the location for the battle of Mons Graupius. For example, William Roy (1793),[12] Gabriel Jacques Surenne (1823),[13] Archibald Watt[14] and C. Michael Hogan[15] believe it was fought further south on the coast near the Roman camps of Raedykes[16] or Glenmailen.[17] Whereas Vittorio di Martino (author of "Roman Ireland", about a possible Roman expedition to Ireland) believes the Roman victory happened in an area southwest of Cawdor.[18]

See also

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Notes

  1. ↑ Roman Fort discovery at Cawdor/Easter Galcantray
  2. ↑ G.D.B. Jones & I. Keillor, "Easter Galcantray", Discovery & Excavation Scotland 1984 (1984), p. 14: "On south bank of river Nairn, straight cropmark with gap in middle and suggestion of two more sides, truncated by river, at right angles to main mark."
  3. ↑ Roman fort near Inverness Шаблон:Webarchive
  4. ↑ RCAHMS: Port A'Chaistell
  5. ↑ Google Books: Tarradale, a possible roman camp. p. 176
  6. ↑ G.S. Maxwell & D.R. Wilson, "Aerial reconnaissance in Roman Britain 1977-84", Britannia Vol. 18 (1987), pp. 1-48, at p. 34: "For the present, it may be noted that, viewed as crop-mark sites, neither [Cawdor nor Thomshill] sits happily in the established morphological categories of standard Roman military installations in North Britain". D.J. Breeze, "Why did the Romans fail to conquer Scotland?", Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 118 (1988), pp. 3-22, at p. 8: "the suggested Roman context for the sites at Easter Galcantray [Cawdor] and Thoms Hill - Daniels 1986 and Jones 1986 - fails to convince; most of the evidence from the former site would better sit within a medieval context ..."
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book

Bibliography

External links

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