Английская Википедия:Ceann Comhairle

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use Hiberno-English Шаблон:Infobox political post Шаблон:PoliticsRofI The Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:IPA-ga; "Head of [the] Council"; plural usually Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA-ga) is the chairperson[1] (or speaker)[1] of Шаблон:Lang, the lower house of the Шаблон:Lang (parliament) of Ireland. The person who holds the position is elected by members of the Шаблон:Lang from among their number in the first session after each general election. The Шаблон:Lang since 10 March 2016 has been Seán Ó Fearghaíl, Шаблон:Lang TD. The Шаблон:Lang since 23 July 2020 has been Catherine Connolly, Independent TD.

Overview

The Ceann Comhairle is expected to observe strict impartiality. Despite this, a government usually tries to select a member of its own political party for the position, if it has enough deputies to allow that choice. In order to protect the neutrality of the chair, the Constitution of Ireland provides that an incumbent Ceann Comhairle does not seek re-election as a Teachta Dála (Deputy to the Dáil), but rather is deemed automatically to have been re-elected by their constituency at that general election, unless they are retiring.Шаблон:Efn As a consequence, the constituency that an incumbent Ceann Comhairle represents elects one fewer TD in a general election than its usual entitlement, but still has the same number of TDs.Шаблон:Sfn Under standing orders, no member of the government or Minister of State may act as Ceann Comhairle or Leas-Cheann Comhairle.

The Ceann Comhairle does not take part in debates, nor do they vote except in the event of a tie. In this event, they generally vote in accordance with the parliamentary conventions relating to the Speaker of the British House of Commons, which tend to amount to voting against motions. The Ceann Comhairle formally opens each day's sitting by reading the official prayer. The Ceann Comhairle is the sole judge of order in the house and has a number of special functions. Specifically, the Ceann Comhairle:

  • Calls on members to speak. All speeches must be addressed to the Ceann Comhairle.
  • Puts such questions to the house, and supervises and declares the results of divisions.
  • Has authority to suppress disorder. To ensure obedience to his rulings the Ceann Comhairle may order members to withdraw from the Dáil or suspend an individual from the House for a period. In the case of great disorder, the Ceann Comhairle can suspend or adjourn the house.
  • Rings a bell when deputies are out of order. The bell is a half-sized reproduction of the ancient bell of Lough Lene Castle found at Castle Island, Lough Lene, Castlepollard, County Westmeath in 1881 and now in the National Museum. The reproduction was presented in 1931 by the widow of Bryan Cooper, a former TD.

The Ceann Comhairle is an Шаблон:Lang member of the Presidential Commission, the Council of State, and the Commission for Public Service Appointments.[2]

Since the 1937 Constitution, the Ceann Comhairle has been an Шаблон:Lang member of the Council of State, beginning with Frank Fahy. The earlier presiding officers never served on the Council of State: i.e. those of the Revolutionary Dáil (1919–22: Cathal Brugha, George Noble Plunkett, Eoin MacNeill, and Michael Hayes) and the Free State Dáil (1922–36: Hayes again, before Fahy).

History

The position of Ceann Comhairle was created on the first day of the Dáil on 21 January 1919, when it was first established as a breakaway revolutionary parliament.[3] The first Ceann Comhairle was Cathal Brugha, who served for only one day, presiding over the Dáil's first meeting, before leaving the post to become President of Dáil Éireann. The office was continued under the 1922–37 Irish Free State, the constitution of which referred to the office-holder as the "Chairman of Dáil Éireann". The practice of automatically re-electing the Ceann Comhairle in a general election was introduced by a constitutional amendment in 1927.Шаблон:Sfn[4][5] The outgoing Ceann Comhairle is returned at the election for their former party.[6]

Following the abolition on 11 December 1936 of the office of Governor-General, the Ceann Comhairle was assigned some of the former office's ceremonial functions, including signing bills into law and convening and dissolving the Dáil. These powers were transferred to the new office of President of Ireland when a new Constitution came into force on 29 December 1937, being carried out by the Presidential Commission, which included the Ceann Comhairle, until the first president entered office on 25 June 1938. The new Constitution retained the position of Ceann Comhairle and the practice of automatic re-election.

Patrick Hogan retired due to ill health in 1967, and died in 1969 before the following election. Joseph Brennan died in office in 1980. John O'Donoghue resigned the office in 2009 after an expenses scandal. As an ordinary TD he was no longer entitled to be returned automatically at the next general election in 2011, in which he lost his seat.

The Ceann Comhairle was first elected by secret ballot in 2016.[7]

Rules for election

Under the rules for the election of the Ceann Comhairle, introduced during the 31st Dáil, candidates must be nominated by at least seven other members of Dáil Éireann. Each member may nominate only one candidate. Nominations must be submitted to the Clerk of the Dáil by not later than 6 p.m. on the day before the first day the Dáil meets after the general election in order to be valid, but may be withdrawn at any time up to the close of nominations.[8]

If more than one candidate is nominated, the Dáil will vote by secret ballot in order of preference after the candidates' speeches, which may not exceed five minutes, with an absolute majority required for victory.[9] If no candidate wins a majority on first preferences, the individual with the fewest votes will be eliminated and their votes redistributed in accordance with their next highest preference, under the alternative vote voting system.[8] Eliminations and redistributions will continue until one member receives the requisite absolute majority. Then, the House will vote on a formal motion to appoint the member in question to the position of Ceann Comhairle. The Clerk of the Dáil will be the presiding officer of the House during the election process.

List of office-holders

Ceann Comhairle

For each Ceann Comhairle, this tables lists the number of the Dáil, the period in which they held office, their constituencies and their political affiliation immediately prior to their appointment.

Dáil Name
Шаблон:Small 		Portrait Term of office Party Constituency Ref
1st Cathal Brugha
Шаблон:Small 		Шаблон:CSS image crop 21 January 1919 22 January 1919 Шаблон:Party name with colour Waterford County [10]
George Noble Plunkett
Шаблон:SmallШаблон:Efn 		Шаблон:CSS image crop 22 January 1919 22 January 1919 Шаблон:Party name with colour Roscommon North [11]
Seán T. O'Kelly
Шаблон:Small 		Шаблон:CSS image crop 22 January 1919 16 August 1921 Шаблон:Party name with colour Dublin College Green [12][13]
2nd Eoin MacNeill
Шаблон:Small 		Шаблон:CSS image crop 16 August 1921 9 September 1922 Шаблон:Party name with colour Londonderry
National UniversityШаблон:Efn 		[14]
3rd Michael Hayes
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 9 September 1922 9 March 1932 Шаблон:Party name with colour National UniversityШаблон:Efn [15][16]
4th [17]
5th [18]
6th [19]
7th Frank Fahy
Шаблон:Small 		Шаблон:CSS image crop 9 March 1932 13 June 1951 Шаблон:Party name with colour Galway [20]
8th [21]
9th Galway East [22]
10th [23]
11th [24]
12th [25]
13th Galway South [26]
14th Patrick Hogan
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 13 June 1951 7 November 1967 Шаблон:Party name with colour Clare [27]
15th [28]
16th [29]
17th [30]
18th [31][32]
Cormac Breslin
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 14 November 1967Шаблон:Efn 14 March 1973 Шаблон:Party name with colour Donegal South-West [33]
19th Donegal–Leitrim [34]
20th Seán Treacy
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 14 March 1973 5 July 1977 Шаблон:Party name with colour Tipperary South [35]
21st Joseph Brennan
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 5 July 1977 13 July 1980 Шаблон:Party name with colour Donegal [36][37]
Pádraig Faulkner
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 16 October 1980Шаблон:Efn 30 June 1981 Шаблон:Party name with colour Louth [38]
22nd John O'Connell
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 30 June 1981 14 December 1982 Шаблон:Party name with colour Dublin South-Central [39]
23rd [40]
24th Tom Fitzpatrick
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 14 December 1982 10 March 1987 Шаблон:Party name with colour Cavan–Monaghan [41]
25th Seán Treacy
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 10 March 1987 26 June 1997 Шаблон:Party name with colour Tipperary South [42]
26th [43]
27th [44]
28th Séamus Pattison
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 26 June 1997 6 June 2002 Шаблон:Party name with colour Carlow–Kilkenny [45]
29th Rory O'Hanlon
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 6 June 2002 14 June 2007 Шаблон:Party name with colour Cavan–Monaghan [46]
30th John O'Donoghue
Шаблон:Small 		Шаблон:CSS image crop 14 June 2007 13 October 2009 Шаблон:Party name with colour Kerry South [47][48]
Séamus Kirk
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 13 October 2009 9 March 2011 Шаблон:Party name with colour Louth [49]
31st Seán Barrett
Шаблон:Small 		Шаблон:CSS image crop 9 March 2011 10 March 2016 Шаблон:Party name with colour Dún Laoghaire [50]
32nd Seán Ó Fearghaíl
Шаблон:Small 		Шаблон:CSS image crop 10 March 2016
Шаблон:Small
Шаблон:Small 		Incumbent Шаблон:Party name with colour Kildare South [51]
33rd [52]

Leas-Cheann Comhairle

The Leas-Cheann Comhairle holds office as the Deputy Chairperson of Dáil Éireann under Article 15.9.1 of the constitution. In the absence of the Ceann Comhairle, the Leas-Cheann Comhairle deputises and performs the duties and exercises the authority of the Ceann Comhairle in Dáil proceedings.[53] The Leas-Cheann Comhairle is also elected by secret ballot. The current Leas-Cheann Comhairle is Independent TD Catherine Connolly. She is the first female TD to hold the position. Traditionally, the position was reserved for an Opposition TD.[54] The role carries the pay and status as a Minister of State.

Dáil Name
Шаблон:Small 		Portrait Term of office Party Constituency Ref
1st John J. O'Kelly
Шаблон:Small 		Шаблон:CSS image crop 1 April 1919 26 August 1921 Шаблон:Party name with colour Louth
2nd Brian O'Higgins
Шаблон:Small 		Шаблон:CSS image crop 26 August 1921 28 February 1922 Шаблон:Party name with colour Clare [55]
3rd Pádraic Ó Máille
Шаблон:Small 		Шаблон:CSS image crop 6 December 1922 23 May 1927 Шаблон:Party name with colour Galway [15][56]
4th
5th James Dolan
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 1 July 1927 25 August 1927 Шаблон:Party name with colour Leitrim–Sligo
6th Patrick Hogan
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 27 October 1927 8 March 1928 Шаблон:Party name with colour Clare
Daniel Morrissey
Шаблон:Small 		Шаблон:CSS image crop 2 May 1928 29 January 1932 Шаблон:Party name with colour Tipperary
7th Patrick Hogan
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 15 March 1932 27 May 1938 Шаблон:Party name with colour Clare
8th
9th
10th Fionán Lynch
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 5 July 1938 12 May 1939 Шаблон:Party name with colour Kerry South
Eamonn O'Neill
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 31 May 1939 31 May 1943 Шаблон:Party name with colour Cork West
11th Daniel McMenamin
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 20 October 1943 12 January 1948 Шаблон:Party name with colour Donegal East
12th
13th Patrick Hogan
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 25 February 1948 7 May 1951 Шаблон:Party name with colour Clare
14th Cormac Breslin
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 4 July 1951 7 November 1967 Шаблон:Party name with colour Donegal West
15th
16th
17th Donegal South-West
18th
Denis Jones
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 15 November 1967 5 July 1977 Шаблон:Party name with colour Limerick West
19th
20th
21st Seán Browne
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 6 July 1977 30 June 1981 Шаблон:Party name with colour Wexford
22nd Jim Tunney
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 7 July 1981 14 December 1982 Шаблон:Party name with colour Dublin North-West
23rd
24th John Ryan
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 15 December 1982 10 March 1987 Шаблон:Party name with colour Tipperary North
25th Jim Tunney
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 24 March 1987 4 January 1993 Шаблон:Party name with colour Dublin North-West
26th
27th Joe Jacob
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 10 February 1993 26 June 1997 Шаблон:Party name with colour Wicklow
28th Rory O'Hanlon
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 9 July 1997 6 June 2002 Шаблон:Party name with colour Cavan–Monaghan
29th Séamus Pattison
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 18 June 2002 14 June 2007 Шаблон:Party name with colour Carlow–Kilkenny
30th Brendan Howlin
Шаблон:Small 		Шаблон:CSS image crop 26 June 2007 9 March 2011 Шаблон:Party name with colour Wexford
31st Michael Kitt
Шаблон:Small 		Файл:No image.png 31 March 2011 10 March 2016 Шаблон:Party name with colour Galway East
32nd Pat "the Cope" Gallagher
Шаблон:Small 		Шаблон:CSS image crop 7 July 2016 14 January 2020 Шаблон:Party name with colour Donegal
33rd Catherine Connolly
Шаблон:Small 		Шаблон:CSS image crop 23 July 2020 Incumbent Шаблон:Party name with colour Galway West

See also

Footnotes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Sources

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Politics of the Republic of Ireland2 Шаблон:Irish Free State

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