Английская Википедия:Central Expressway, Singapore

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Файл:CTE Exit 7B.jpg

A long exposure of the CTE near Exit 7B (Jalan Bahagia).

The Central Expressway (CTE) in Singapore is the major highway connecting the city centre of Singapore with the northern residential parts of the island, including Toa Payoh, Bishan and Ang Mo Kio and further onwards to the Seletar Expressway and the Tampines Expressway.

As of 29 December 2013, SLE and CTE are one of the two pairs of expressways in Singapore which are linked together, the other being the KPE and MCE.

Route description

Beginning at a junction with the Ayer Rajah Expressway (AYE) in Bukit Merah, the expressway runs northeast, passing through Outram and parallel to Chin Swee Road. The CTE then runs through two tunnels between Chin Swee Road and Bukit Timah Road, with an at-grade segment between Buyong Road and Cairnhill Circle, before continuing northeast, between Kallang and Novena. The expressway then turns north, intersecting the Pan Island Expressway (PIE) and passing through Toa Payoh, Bishan and Ang Mo Kio before terminating at an interchange with the Seletar Expressway (SLE) and Tampines Expressway (TPE), and measures Шаблон:Convert.

History

Construction

Work on the first phase of the CTE, between Ang Mo Kio Avenue 1 and Thomson Road, commenced in July 1981. Intended to alleviate heavy traffic along Upper Thomson Road, a Шаблон:Convert segment of the expressway between Ang Mo Kio Avenue 1 and Jalan Toa Payoh opened in March 1983, while the segment of expressway between Jalan Toa Payoh and Thomson Road was opened in May 1985, In August 1985, construction commenced on a Шаблон:Convert, S$18 million segment of the expressway in Ang Mo Kio. This segment of expressway was opened to traffic in January 1987, while the Шаблон:Convert section between Ang Mo Kio Avenue 5 and Yio Chu Kang Road was constructed between August 1986 and November 1988.

The contract for the second phase of the CTE was awarded in December 1987. This phase, which comprised Шаблон:Convert of expressway between Bukit Timah Road and Chin Swee Road, included two tunnels, with lengths of Шаблон:Convert and Шаблон:Convert, and involved the acquisition of land along Orchard Road and Clemenceau Avenue worth over S$20 million. Work on the second phase commenced in June 1987, and the tunnels were constructed using the cut-and-cover method. As the areas along the expressway's route were heavily built-up, precautions were taken to limit disruption to the public during construction, with the exclusive use of hydraulic piling machines and work near residential areas being paused at night. In addition, cofferdams were built in the Singapore River to facilitate construction of the expressway tunnels, and to prevent erosion, the river bed directly above the tunnels was covered with rocks. The segment of expressway between Outram Road and the Ayer Rajah Expressway opened in September 1988, but the construction of the tunnels was delayed, which the government attributed to a shortage of workers and "poor soil conditions near Cairnhill Circle". Construction on the CTE's second phase was completed in May 1991, and the opening of the two tunnels, which were named the Kampong Java and Chin Swee Tunnels, in September 1991 marked the completion of the expressway.

Impact and expansion

Traffic volumes along the CTE rose after the expressway was fully opened, and in May 1994, the section of expressway between Ang Mo Kio Avenue 1 and the PIE was expanded to eight lanes to ease traffic congestion. A traffic monitoring system, the Expressway Monitoring and Advisory System, was introduced on the expressway in March 1998. By the late 1990s, the CTE faced traffic congestion issues, and while a road pricing scheme was introduced to rectify the issue, it was unable to eliminate it.

In 2008, a large-scale improvement of the CTE was initiated, and the first phase of the scheme, consisting of the expansion of the expressway between Ang Mo Kio Avenues 1 and 3, started in June 2008, and cost S$17 million. Subsequently, flyovers were constructed at the junction with the PIE to improve traffic flow, while other sections of the CTE, between Bukit Timah Road and Yio Chu Kang Road, were widened, and the improvement scheme was completed by December 2011.

Файл:Central Expressway, Dec 05.JPG

Central Expressway near the Cavenagh Road exit in December 2005.

Road interchanges

Exit	Destinations	Notes
Шаблон:Endash	Ayer Rajah Expressway (Jurong)
1A	Jalan Bukit Merah	Northbound entrance and southbound exit only
1B	Chin Swee Road, Tiong Bahru Road, Outram Road
2	Clemenceau Avenue, Merchant Road, Havelock Road
4	Orchard Road	Northbound entrance and southbound exit only
5	Cairnhill Circle	Northbound entrance and southbound exit only
6	Bukit Timah Road	Northbound entrance and southbound exit only
7A	Moulmein Road	Signed as Exits 7D (Jalan Kebun Limau, Balestier Road) and 7C (Balestier Road, Moulmein Road) southbound
7B	Jalan Bahagia	Northbound exit only
8A	Pan Island Expressway (PIE) (Tuas)	Northbound entrance and southbound exit only
8B	PIE (Changi Airport), Upper Serangoon Road
10	Braddell Road
11	Ang Mo Kio Avenue 1
14	Ang Mo Kio Avenue 3, Ang Mo Kio Avenue 5	Signed as Exits 12A (Ang Mo Kio Avenue 3) and 12B (Ang Mo Kio Avenue 5) northbound
15	Yio Chu Kang Road
16	Seletar West Link (Yishun Avenue 1), Seletar Expressway (SLE)	Northbound terminus; expressway continues as SLE References External links Шаблон:Commons category-inline Traffic cameras monitoring the CTE Infopedia article on Central Expressway