Английская Википедия:Central Kilimanjaro language

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language

Central Kilimanjaro, or Central Chaga, is a Bantu language of Tanzania spoken by the Chaga people.

There are several dialects:[1]

  • Moshi (Old Moshi, Mochi, Kimochi)
  • Uru
  • Mbokomu
  • Wuunjo (Wunjo, Vunjo, Kivunjo), including Kiruwa, Kilema, Mamba, Moramu (Marangu), Mwika

Moshi is the language of the Chaga cultural capital, Moshi, and the prestige dialect of the Chaga languages.

Phonology

Vowels

Front Central Back
High i iː u uː
Mid e eː o oː
Low a aː

Consonants

Consonants in the Moshi dialect[2][3]
Labial Alveolar Post-
alveolar
Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop voiceless p t k
voiced b d
prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ
Affricate voiceless pf ts
prenasal ᵐbv ⁿdz ᶮdʒ
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ h
voiced (β)
Rhotic trill r
tap ɾ
Lateral l
Approximant w ɻ j
  • Sounds /k, ᵑɡ, l/ become palatalized as [kʲ, ᵑɡʲ, lʲ] when occurring before front vowels /i, e/.
  • /w/ is heard as a fricative [β] when before front vowels /i, e/.
Consonants in the Vunjo dialect[4]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop voiceless p t k
voiced b d ɡ
prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ
Affricate voiceless pf ts
prenasal ᵐbv ⁿdz ᶮdʒ
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ h
voiced (β) ɣ
Rhotic trill r
tap ɾ
Lateral l (ʎ)
Approximant w ɹ j
  • Sounds /k, ᵑɡ, ɣ, l/ become palatalized as [kʲ, ᵑɡʲ, ɣʲ, lʲ] when occurring before front vowels /i, e/.
  • /l/ when palatalized as [lʲ] can also have a palatal lateral allophone [ʎ] in the Vunjo dialect.
  • /w/ is heard as a fricative [β] when before front vowels /i, e/.[4][3]

Bibliography

  • Dalgish, Gerard M. (1978) 'The syntax and semantics of the morpheme ni in kiVunjo (Chaga)', Kiswahili, 48, 1, 42–56.
  • Philippson, Gérard (1984) '"Gens des bananeraies" (Tanzanie): contribution linguistique à l'histoire culturelle des Chaga du Kilimanjaro' (Cahier no. 16.) Paris: Editions Recherche sur les civilisations.

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Languages of Tanzania Шаблон:Narrow Bantu languages


Шаблон:Bantu-lang-stub

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