Английская Википедия:Central Kilimanjaro language
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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language
Central Kilimanjaro, or Central Chaga, is a Bantu language of Tanzania spoken by the Chaga people.
There are several dialects:[1]
- Moshi (Old Moshi, Mochi, Kimochi)
- Uru
- Mbokomu
- Wuunjo (Wunjo, Vunjo, Kivunjo), including Kiruwa, Kilema, Mamba, Moramu (Marangu), Mwika
Moshi is the language of the Chaga cultural capital, Moshi, and the prestige dialect of the Chaga languages.
Phonology
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i iː | u uː | |
Mid | e eː | o oː | |
Low | a aː |
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
Stop | voiceless | p | t | k | |||
voiced | b | d | |||||
prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | ||||
Affricate | voiceless | pf | ts | tʃ | |||
prenasal | ᵐbv | ⁿdz | ᶮdʒ | ||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | h | ||
voiced | (β) | ||||||
Rhotic | trill | r | |||||
tap | ɾ | ||||||
Lateral | l | ||||||
Approximant | w | ɻ | j |
- Sounds /k, ᵑɡ, l/ become palatalized as [kʲ, ᵑɡʲ, lʲ] when occurring before front vowels /i, e/.
- /w/ is heard as a fricative [β] when before front vowels /i, e/.
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
Stop | voiceless | p | t | k | ||
voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | |||
Affricate | voiceless | pf | ts | tʃ | ||
prenasal | ᵐbv | ⁿdz | ᶮdʒ | |||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | h | |
voiced | (β) | ɣ | ||||
Rhotic | trill | r | ||||
tap | ɾ | |||||
Lateral | l | (ʎ) | ||||
Approximant | w | ɹ | j |
- Sounds /k, ᵑɡ, ɣ, l/ become palatalized as [kʲ, ᵑɡʲ, ɣʲ, lʲ] when occurring before front vowels /i, e/.
- /l/ when palatalized as [lʲ] can also have a palatal lateral allophone [ʎ] in the Vunjo dialect.
- /w/ is heard as a fricative [β] when before front vowels /i, e/.[4][3]
Bibliography
- Dalgish, Gerard M. (1978) 'The syntax and semantics of the morpheme ni in kiVunjo (Chaga)', Kiswahili, 48, 1, 42–56.
- Philippson, Gérard (1984) '"Gens des bananeraies" (Tanzanie): contribution linguistique à l'histoire culturelle des Chaga du Kilimanjaro' (Cahier no. 16.) Paris: Editions Recherche sur les civilisations.
References
Шаблон:Languages of Tanzania Шаблон:Narrow Bantu languages
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
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не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite book