Английская Википедия:Châteaux of the Loire Valley

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox historic site The châteaux of the Loire Valley (Шаблон:Lang-fr) are part of the architectural heritage of the historic towns of Amboise, Angers, Blois, Chinon, Montsoreau, Orléans, Saumur, and Tours along the river Loire in France. They illustrate Renaissance ideals of design in France.[1]

The châteaux of the Loire Valley number over three hundred,[2] ranging from practical fortified castles from the 10th century to splendid residences built half a millennium later. When the French kings began constructing their huge châteaux in the Loire Valley, the nobility, drawn to the seat of power, followed suit, attracting the finest architects and landscape designers. The châteaux and their surrounding gardens are cultural monuments which embody the ideals of the Renaissance and Enlightenment. Many of the châteaux were built on hilltops, such as the Château d'Amboise, while the only one built in the riverbed is the Château de Montsoreau. Many had exquisite churches on the grounds or within the château.

History

With the Hundred Years' War concluded, Charles VII, Louis XI, and their successors preferred to spend the bulk of their time in the "garden of France" along the banks of the Loire. In the late 15th century Tours, then Blois, and later Amboise became the preferred locations of the French royal court. Many courtiers bought dilapidated castles built by the medieval Counts of Blois and of Anjou, and they had them reconstructed in the latest Italianate fashion. Leonardo da Vinci and other Italian artists arrived to design and beautify these residences.

In the 16th century, Francis I moved his main residence back to the Louvre, in Paris. With him went the great architects, but the Loire Valley continued to be the place where French royalty preferred to spend their time when not in the capital. Toward the end of the 17th century, Louis XIV made the Île-de-France the permanent locale for great royal residences when he built the Palace of Versailles. Nonetheless, those who gained the king's favour, as well as the wealthy bourgeoisie, continued to renovate existing châteaux or build lavish new ones in the Loire Valley as summer residences.

The French Revolution saw a number of the great châteaux destroyed and many ransacked, their treasures stolen. The overnight impoverishment of many French noble families, usually after one of their members lost his or her head to the guillotine, saw many châteaux demolished. During World War I and World War II, various chateaux were commandeered as military headquarters. Some of these continued to be so used after the end of World War II.

Today, the remaining privately owned châteaux serve as homes and some of them open their doors to tourists, while others operate as hotels or bed-and-breakfasts. Many others have been taken over by local governments, and the grandest, like those at Chambord, are owned and operated by the national government and are major tourist sites, attracting hundreds of thousands of visitors each year.

List of châteaux of the Loire

Though there may be no universally accepted definition for the designation, the main criterion is that the château must be situated close to the Loire or one of its tributaries (such as the Maine, Cher, Indre, Creuse or Loir). Châteaux further upstream than Gien are generally not included, with the possible exception of the Bastie d'Urfé for its historical significance.

Royal châteaux

Château Commune Département Coordinates Historic Events Image
Amboise Amboise Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Accidental death of Charles VIII (1498)[3]
Amboise conspiracy (1560)

Edict of Amboise with the Calvinists (1563)

Château d'Amboise
Angers Angers Maine-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Location of the Apocalypse Tapestry Château d'Angers, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France. La porte des champs côté sud au premier plan, était l'entrée principale de la forteresse à l'origine.
Blois Blois Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord Assassination of Henry I, Duke of Guise (1588)[3] sans cadre
Chambord Chambord Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord Considered the most magnificent Loire château
Treaty of Chambord (1552)[3]
Château de Chambord
Chenonceau Chenonceaux Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Owned by Diane de Poitiers (1547–1559)
et Catherine de Médicis (1559–1589)[3]
Château de Chenonceau
Chinon Chinon Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Meeting between Charles VII and Joan of Arc (1429)[3] Château de Chinon, vue de la Vienne
Langeais Langeais Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Marriage of Charles VIII and Anne of Brittany (1491) Château de Langeais
Loches Loches Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Captured by Richard the Lionheart (1194)[3] Residence of Agnès Sorel (1443–1450) Château de Loches, Loches, FRANCE
Plessis-lez-Tours La Riche Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Treaty of Tours (1444)

Death of Louis XI (1483)

Death of Francis of Paola (1507), founder of the Order of Minims

Treaty of Plessis-les-Tours (1580)

Meeting between Henry III and the king of Navarre, future Henry IV, who allied against the Catholic League (1589)

Château de Plessiz-lèz-Tours
Saumur Saumur Maine-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord "Château d'amour" of the king René of Anjou (1454–1472)
Place of sanctuary for Protestants (1589)
Château de Saumur
Tours Tours Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Marriage of the future Louis XI and Margaret of Scotland (1436)
Imprisonment of Charles, Duke of Guise (1588–1591)
Le château de Tours.

Châteaux of the nobility

Château Commune Département Coordinates Notes Image
Azay-le-Rideau Azay-le-Rideau Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Masterpiece of the first French Renaissance[4] Château d'Azay-le-Rideau, Indre-et-Loire, France
Armaillé Loches Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Loches Château of Count Arthur de Marsay Château d'Armailé from the river frontage, Loches, Tours
Beauregard Cellettes Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord Art gallery Château de Beauregard
Brézé Brézé Maine-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Artifacts of Troglodytes under the château
Deepest moats in France
Château de Brézé
Brissac Brissac Loire Aubance Maine-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Tallest château in France Façade est du château de Brissac-Quincé. Département de Maine-et-Loire, France.
Chanteloup Amboise Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Property of Duke of Choiseul (1760–1785) Château de Chanteloup
Châteaudun Châteaudun Eure-et-Loir Шаблон:Coord Property of Jean de Dunois (1439–1468) Château de Châteaudun
Chaumont-sur-Loire Chaumont-sur-Loire Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord Property of Catherine de' Medici (1550–1559) et Diane de Poitiers (1559–1566) Château de Chaumont sur Loire, FRANCE
Cheverny Cheverny Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord Inspiration for Hergé's Marlinspike Hall Château de Cheverny - Vue Frontale
Clos-Lucé Amboise Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Home to Leonardo da Vinci (1516–1519)[3] Le Clos Lucé, en Indre-et-Loire, en France
Meillant Meillant Cher Шаблон:Coord Contains the famous Tour du Lion Château de Meillant
Montsoreau Montsoreau Maine-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Only Château in the Loire Valley constructed in the Loire riverbed
Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art has the world's largest holding of Art & Language works[5]
Château de Montsoreau
Richelieu Richelieu Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Property of Cardinal Richelieu (1621-1642) Château de Richelieu
Sully-sur-Loire Sully-sur-Loire Loiret Шаблон:Coord Property of Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully (1602–1641) Château de Sully-sur-Loire
Ussé Rigny-Ussé Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Inspiration for Charles Perrault's Sleeping Beauty[4] Château d'Ussé, façade Est
Valençay Valençay Indre Шаблон:Coord Property of Talleyrand (1803–1838)[3] Château de Valençay
Villandry Villandry Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Famous for its French formal gardens[3] (Château de Villandry (France) vu des jardins)

Other châteaux

Château Commune Département Coordinates Image
Argy Argy Indre Шаблон:Coord Château d'Argy
Azay-le-Ferron Azay-le-Ferron Indre Шаблон:Coord Château d'Azay-le-Ferron
Baugé Baugé Maine-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Château de Baugé
Beaugency Beaugency Loiret Шаблон:Coord Château de Beaugency
Boisgibault Ardon Loiret Шаблон:Coord Château de Boisgibault
Boumois Saint-Martin-de-la-Place Maine-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord
Briare Briare Loiret Шаблон:Coord Château de Briare
Candé Monts Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Château de Candé
Chamerolles Chilleurs-aux-Bois Loiret Шаблон:Coord

Château de Chamerolles

Châteauneuf-sur-Loire Châteauneuf-sur-Loire Loiret Шаблон:Coord Château de Châteauneuf-sur-Loire
Chémery Chémery Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord Château de Chémery
Chissay Chissay-en-Touraine Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord Château de Chissay
Courtalain Courtalain Eure-et-Loir Шаблон:Coord Château de Courtalain
Fougères-sur-Bièvre Fougères-sur-Bièvre Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord Château de Fougères-sur-Bièvre
Gaillard Amboise Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Château Gaillard
Gien Gien Loiret Шаблон:Coord Château de Gien
Gizeux Gizeux Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Château de Gizeux
Gué-Péan Monthou-sur-Cher Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord Château du Gué-Péan
La Bourdaisière Montlouis-sur-Loire Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Château de La Bourdaisière
La Bussière La Bussière Loiret Шаблон:Coord Château de La Bussière
La Farinière Cinq-Mars-la-Pile Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Château de La Farinière
La Ferté-Saint-Aubin La Ferté-Saint-Aubin Loiret Шаблон:Coord Château de La Ferté-Saint-Aubin
La Possonnière Couture-sur-Loir Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord Château de La Possonnière
Lavardin Lavardin Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord Château de Lavardin
Le Lude Le Lude Sarthe Шаблон:Coord Château du Lude
Le Moulin Lassay-sur-Croisne Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord Château du Moulin|
Nevers Nevers Nièvre Шаблон:Coord Palais ducal de Nevers
Le Plessis-Bourré Écuillé Maine-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Le château du Plessis-Bourré, près du village d'Écuillé, en Maine-et-Loire (France), vu depuis le sud-est.
Le Rivau Lemere Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Château du Rivau
Le Roujoux Fresnes Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord
Les Réaux Chouzé-sur-Loire Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Château des Réaux
Luynes Luynes Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Château de Luynes
Menars Menars Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord Château de Menars
Meung-sur-Loire Meung-sur-Loire Loiret Шаблон:Coord Château de Meung-sur-Loire
Montgeoffroy Mazé Maine-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Château de Montgeoffroy
Montigny-le-Gannelon Montigny-le-Gannelon Eure-et-Loir Шаблон:Coord Château de Montigny-le-Gannelon
Montpoupon Céré-la-Ronde Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Château de Montpoupon
Montrésor Montrésor Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Vue d'un château montrant une échauguette à l'angle de deux murs au premier plan.
Montreuil-Bellay Montreuil-Bellay Maine-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Château de Montreuil-Bellay
Montrichard Montrichard Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord Château de Montrichard
Saché Saché Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Château de Saché
Saint-Aignan Saint-Aignan-sur-Cher Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord Château de Saint-Aignan-sur-Cher
Saint-Brisson Saint-Brisson-sur-Loire Loiret Шаблон:Coord
Selles-sur-Cher Selles-sur-Cher Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord Château de Selles-sur-Cher
Serrant Saint-Georges-sur-Loire Maine-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Château de Serrant
Talcy Talcy Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord Château de Talcy (Loir et Cher)
Troussay Cheverny Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord Château de Troussay)
Valmer Chançay Indre-et-Loire Шаблон:Coord Château de Valmer)
Vendôme Vendôme Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord
Villesavin Tour-en-Sologne Loir-et-Cher Шаблон:Coord Château de Villesavin, vue d'est

Map

Шаблон:Wide image

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Loire

Шаблон:Coord