Английская Википедия:Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

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The chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is the presiding officer of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC), which is the permanent body of the National People's Congress (NPC), the national legislature of China.

The chairman is formally nominated by the Presidium of the NPC during a session and approved by the delegations of the NPC, though in reality is chosen within the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The chairman presides over the work of the NPCSC and convenes and presides over its meetings. The chairman is assisted by the vice chairpersons and secretary-general of the NPCSC, who together makeup the Council of Chairpersons. A vice chairperson may be delegated to exercise some of the chairman's powers by the chairman. In the case that the chairman becomes incapacitated, NPCSC temporarily elects one of the vice chairpersons until the chairman is able to resume their work or a new chairman is elected by the NPC.Шаблон:Non-primary source needed The position holds reserve constitutional powers under the 1982 revision of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China. As stipulated in Article 84 of the Constitution, should both the president and vice president become incapacitated, and the National People's Congress is unable to elect a timely replacement, the chairman of the NPCSC will act as president.Шаблон:Non-primary source needed

From 1998 to 2013, the position was ranked second in the hierarchy of the Politburo Standing Committee of the CCP, since Li Peng was barred from seeking a third term as premier in 1998. In the political order of precedence, the chairman ranks below the CCP general secretary (paramount leader) and president (state representative).Шаблон:Sfn The ranking of this position is not necessarily reflective of its actual power, which varies depending on the officeholder. The incumbent chairman is Zhao Leji, who is the third-ranking member of the Politburo Standing Committee.

History

Initially, there were disagreements to whether name the post "chairman" (Шаблон:Zh or Шаблон:Zh) or "speaker" (Шаблон:Zh). However, ultimately the word "chairman" (Шаблон:Zh) was adopted. The office came into existence with the adoption of the 1954 Constitution, with Liu Shaoqi becoming its first holder.

From 1975 to 1983, the chairman of the Standing Committee served as state representative of the People's Republic of China, as the presidency had been written out of the 1975 constitution and was also excluded from the 1978 draft.Шаблон:Sfn Theoretically, during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, the officeholder at the time, Wan Li, had the power to call an emergency session of the NPC to resolve the issue constitutionally. However, Wan's freedom of movement was restricted, and ultimately rendered powerless in the situation.Шаблон:Sfn

Between 1993 and 1998, the office was held by Qiao Shi, who was the third-ranking member of the Politburo Standing Committee. Qiao tried to get rid off the NPC's "rubber stamp" reputation and turn it into an institution with real power in establishing the rule of law.

On 16 March 1998, Li Peng was elected the chairman of the NPCSC, replacing Qiao Shi. However, he was elected with less than 90% of the vote, with around three hundred delegates not backing him, despite the fact that he was the only candidate.

List of chairpersons

Multiple terms in office, consecutive or otherwise, are listed and counted in the first column counts individuals and the second column (term number).

Generations of leadership

No.	Chairperson		NPC term	Took office	Left office	Political Party
1	Файл:LiuShaoqi Colour.jpg	Liu Shaoqi 刘少奇	1st	September 15, 1954	April 28, 1959	Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
2	Файл:Zhu De.jpg	Zhu De 朱德	2nd	April 28, 1959	January 4, 1965
			3rd	January 4, 1965	January 17, 1975
			4th	January 17, 1975	July 6, 1976
colspan="7" data-sort-value="Zz" Шаблон:CNone
3	Файл:Ye Jianying.jpg	Ye Jianying 叶剑英	5th	March 5, 1978	June 18, 1983	Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
4	Файл:Peng Zhen 1956.jpg	Peng Zhen 彭真	6th	June 18, 1983	April 13, 1988
5		Wan Li 万里	7th	April 13, 1988	March 27, 1993
6		Qiao Shi 乔石	8th	March 27, 1993	March 15, 1998
7	Файл:Li Peng.png	Li Peng 李鹏	9th	March 15, 1998	March 15, 2003
8	Файл:Wu Bangguo Beijing2011.jpg	Wu Bangguo 吴邦国	10th	March 15, 2003	March 15, 2008
			11th	March 15, 2008	March 14, 2013
9	Файл:Zhang Dejiang in May.2014.jpg	Шаблон:Nowrap 张德江	12th	March 14, 2013	March 17, 2018
10	Файл:Li Zhanshu in 2016.jpg	Шаблон:Nowrap 栗战书	13th	March 17, 2018	March 10, 2023
11	Файл:Zhao in 2023.jpg	Шаблон:Nowrap 赵乐际	14th	March 10, 2023	Incumbent

Timeline

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DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1954 till:01/01/2026 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1954

Define $now = 23/05/2024

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from: 27/09/1954 till: 18/04/1959 color:pres text:"Liu Shaoqi" fontsize:10
from: 28/04/1959 till: 06/07/1976 color:pres text:"Zhu De" fontsize:10
from: 06/07/1976 till: 05/03/1978 color:vac text:"vacant" fontsize:10
from: 05/03/1978 till: 18/06/1983 color:pres text:"Ye Jianying" fontsize:10
from: 18/06/1983 till: 27/04/1988 color:pres text:"Peng Zhen" fontsize:10
from: 27/04/1988 till: 27/03/1993 color:pres text:"Wan Li" fontsize:10
from: 27/03/1993 till: 16/03/1998 color:pres text:"Qiao Shi" fontsize:10
from: 16/03/1998 till: 15/03/2003 color:pres text:"Li Peng" fontsize:10
from: 15/03/2003 till: 14/03/2013 color:pres text:"Wu Bangguo" fontsize:10
from: 15/03/2013 till: 17/03/2018 color:pres text:"Zhang Dejiang" fontsize:10
from: 17/03/2018 till: 10/03/2023 color:pres text:"Li Zhanshu" fontsize:10
from: 10/03/2023 till: $now       color:pres text:"Zhao Leji" fontsize:10

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Further reading

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book