Английская Википедия:Chalfont Viaduct
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Redirect Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Infobox bridge The Chalfont Viaduct (also known as the Misbourne Viaduct) is the first of two five-arch brick railway viaducts on the Chiltern Main Line in south-east England. It is located between Шаблон:Rws and Шаблон:Rws stations. The M25 motorway passes beneath it between junctions 16 and 17 at Gerrards Cross near Chalfont St Peter, from where the bridge gets its name. The bridge is known as Chalfont No. 1 Viaduct; the longer Chalfont No. 2 Viaduct is a short distance to the west and spans the A413.Шаблон:Sfn
The bridge is noted as a local landmark because for many years it bore a graffiti slogan, "Шаблон:Smallcaps" painted in large white letters on the south-facing parapet.[1][2]
Construction
The Chalfont Viaduct is built of blue and black engineering brick with additional decorative brickwork. The bridge is approximately Шаблон:Convert high, although it varies in height due to changing ground level, and it has five semi-elliptical arches, each Шаблон:Convert wide. It was constructed between 1902 and 1906 by the Great Western Railway (GWR) to carry trains on the Great Western and Great Central Joint Railway between London and Шаблон:Rws across the River Misbourne.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn It was designed by James Charles Inglis, chief civil engineer of the GWR, and assistant engineer Robert Cherry Sikes.Шаблон:Sfn
In the mid-1980s the construction of the M25 motorway required the Misbourne to be diverted via underground concrete culverts. The route of the motorway was aligned to pass through the arches of the Chalfont Viaduct, leaving the viaduct largely unaltered apart from the raised ground level and the addition of concrete supports and crash barriers. The viaduct is the only brick-built bridge on this section of the M25.Шаблон:Sfn
Graffiti
Between 2008 and 2018, the Chalfont Viaduct bore a graffiti slogan, "Шаблон:Smallcaps" painted in large white letters on the south-facing parapet, visible to M25 drivers heading in a clockwise direction. The north side of the bridge bears the painted legend "Шаблон:Smallcaps".[1]
Originally, the graffiti on the south parapet simply read "Шаблон:Smallcaps". It is thought that "Peas" was the tag of a London graffiti artist which can be seen on other locations. Google Streetview images suggest the words Шаблон:Smallcaps and Шаблон:Smallcaps were added at some point between June and November 2008, its unclear if these were painted by the same person as Шаблон:Smallcaps. The altered slogan may refer to the artist being repeatedly arrested, and it may also be a play on words in reference to John Lennon's popular 1969 song, "Give Peace a Chance".Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn[3]
The graffiti became a popular local landmark and was regarded affectionately by motorists and residents in nearby settlements as a reassuring location marker. In 2018, when the graffiti was partially removed and altered by an unknown artist to read "Шаблон:Smallcaps",[4] it prompted mass media commentary which lead to the new artist returning a few days later to change the slogan to "Шаблон:Smallcaps".[5][6] It has been speculated that the new graffiti may be related to similar slogans being painted on buildings in the London borough of Harrow,[7] and several other bridges along the M25 and M1 motorways all following the similar, heavily serif-ed style/typeface. The reception towards this modification was largely negative, to the point that a petition to Network Rail to reinstate the previous slogan and make the bridge a listed building was produced, and received over 2,000 signatures.[8]
In March 2020 during the coronavirus pandemic, an unknown artist replaced the graffiti with one reading "Шаблон:Smallcaps".[9]
At some point between July and November 2021, the graffiti was replaced again with "Шаблон:Smallcaps".
The north side of the bridge, visible to drivers going in an anticlockwise direction was tagged with graffiti from Extinction Rebellion.[10]Шаблон:Better source needed.
See also
References
Citations Шаблон:Reflist
Sources Шаблон:Refbegin
External links
- Postcard of the Misbourne Viaduct c. 1905
- Photograph of the viaduct crossing the River Misbourne c. 1903
- The Misbourne Viaduct under construction c. 1903
- The Misbourne Viaduct under construction c. 1903
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- Railway bridges in Buckinghamshire
- Bridges completed in 1906
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- Arch bridges in the United Kingdom
- Gerrards Cross
- Great Western Railway
- Great Central Railway
- Transport in Buckinghamshire
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