Английская Википедия:Chao (surname)
Шаблон:About Шаблон:Infobox surname
Chao is a surname in various cultures. It is the Pinyin spelling of two Chinese surnames (Шаблон:Linktext and Шаблон:Linktext), the Wade–Giles spelling of two others (Шаблон:Linktext or the much rarer Шаблон:Linktext, both spelled in Pinyin as Zhào), and a regional or other spelling of two additional Chinese surnames (Шаблон:Linktext Cáo and Шаблон:Linktext Zhōu). It is also a Galician and Portuguese surname.
Origins
Chinese surname Cháo (Шаблон:Lang)
This surname is written with a character meaning "dawn" (Шаблон:Linktext). According to traditional sources including Fengsu Tongyi, Yuanhe Xingzuan, Xingshi Kaolüe (Шаблон:Lang), and the surnames/clans section (Шаблон:Lang) of the Tongzhi encyclopedia, both this surname and another written with a character also meaning "dawn" (Шаблон:Zh) originated from personal names of people during the Spring and Autumn period, and were adopted by their descendants as surnames, following which some descendants changed their surname from one character to the other. The latter surname originated from Шаблон:Ill, a son of King Jing of Zhou (544–519 BC), while the former originated from Shi Chao (Шаблон:Lang) of the state of Wei.[1] The biography of Chao Cuo in the Records of the Grand Historian stated that the surname originated in the Nanyang Commandery, specifically in the ancient region of Xi'e.
In Sino-Korean pronunciation, those characters are both read Jo, but are not used as surnames in modern Korea (the Korean surname Jo is written with different characters).[2] In Sino-Vietnamese pronunciation, it is read Triều; the spelling is distinct from Triệu, the Sino-Vietnamese reading of the surname Zhào (趙/赵).[3][4]
It is listed on the Hundred Family Surnames poem.
Chinese surname Cháo (Шаблон:Lang)
Another Chinese surname, homophonous with the above in Mandarin, is written with a character meaning "nest" (Шаблон:Linktext). Traditional sources note two different origins for this surname. The Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang) states that it refers to the legendary Youchao, who purportedly lived in a nest high up in a tree before he invented houses; his name literally means "having a nest". The Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang) states that it originated as a toponymic surname referring to the state of Chao; following the defeat of the state of Chao by the state of Wu during the latter part of the Spring and Autumn period, some of the people of the defeated state adopted Chao as their surname.[5]
In Sino-Korean pronunciation, this character is read So, but it is not used as a surname in modern Korea (the Korean surname So is written with different characters).[2] In Sino-Vietnamese pronunciation, it is read Sào.[6]
Other
Chao is also an alternative spelling of four other Chinese surnames, listed below by their spelling in Pinyin; see those articles for the traditional origins of those surnames:[7]
- Zhào (Шаблон:Zh), a common Chinese surname, spelled Chao in the Wade–Giles romanisation system
- Zhào (Шаблон:Zh),[8] a much rarer surname also spelled Chao in Wade–Giles
- Zhōu (Шаблон:Zh), spelled Chao based on its pronunciation in Cantonese (Шаблон:Zh). This spelling is common in Macau.
- Cáo (Шаблон:Zh), sometimes spelled in non-standard fashion as Chao
Chao may also be a Portuguese and Galician surname, derived from Galician-Portuguese Шаблон:Linktext, meaning "plain" or "plateau".[7]
Statistics
In the Third National Population Census of the People's Republic of China in 1982, Cháo meaning "dawn" (Шаблон:Lang) was found to be the 361st-most-common surname, while Cháo meaning "nest" (Шаблон:Lang) was 420th-most-common. Zhào (Шаблон:Zh) was the seventh-most-common surname, but it is not spelled Chao in mainland China.[9] In Taiwan, where that latter surname frequently is spelled Chao, it was the 43rd-most-common surname in 2005, according to a survey of household registration data by the Ministry of the Interior that year.[10]
In Spain, statistics of the Шаблон:Ill stated that there were 2,703 people with the surname Chao in Galicia, making it the 244th-most-common surname there. The surname could be found in 68 of the 313 municipalities of Galicia. Municipalities with particularly high concentrations of bearers of the surname included Muras (61 people; 2.99% of the local population), Ourol (69; 2.45%), and Pedrafita do Cebreiro (52; 1.72%), all in the Province of Lugo (as were all but one of the ten municipalities with the highest concentrations of bearers of the surname).[11]
According to statistics cited by Patrick Hanks, there were 143 people on the island of Great Britain and none on the island of Ireland with the surname Chao as of 2011. The surname was not present on the island of Great Britain in 1881.[12]
The 2010 United States census found 10,398 people with the surname Chao, making it the 3,432nd-most-common name in the country. This represented an increase from 8,633 (3,769th-most-common) in the 2000 census. In both censuses, slightly less than nine-tenths of the bearers of the surname identified as Asian, between five and seven per cent as Hispanic, and between three and five percent as White.[13] It was the 135th-most-common surname among respondents to the 2000 census who identified as Asian.[14]
People
Chinese surname Cháo (Шаблон:Lang)
- Chao Cuo (Шаблон:Lang; Шаблон:C.), Han dynasty official
- Chao Heng (Шаблон:Lang), Chinese name of Abe no Nakamaro (698–770), Japanese-born Tang dynasty governor of Annam
- Chao Chongzhi (Шаблон:Lang; Шаблон:Fl.), Chinese poet
- Chao Na (Шаблон:Lang; born 1980), Chinese swimmer
Fictional characters:
- Chao Gai (Шаблон:Lang) in the 14th-century Chinese novel Water Margin
Chinese surname Cháo (Шаблон:Lang)
- Chao Yuanfang (Шаблон:Lang; Шаблон:Fl.), Sui dynasty court physician and medical author
- Chao Pengfei (Шаблон:Lang; born 1987), Chinese football striker
Chinese surname Zhào (Шаблон:Lang)
- T. C. Chao (Шаблон:Lang; 1888–1979), Chinese Christian theologian
- Yuen Ren Chao (Шаблон:Lang; 1892–1982), Chinese-born American linguist
- Chung-Yao Chao (Шаблон:Lang; 1902–1998), Chinese physicist
- Chao Shao-an (Шаблон:Lang; 1905–1998), Chinese artist
- Chao Yao-tung (Шаблон:Lang; 1916–2008), Taiwanese politician
- Edward C. T. Chao (Шаблон:Lang; 1919–2008), Chinese-born American geologist
- Ting Tsung Chao (Шаблон:Lang; 1921–2008), Chinese-born plastics entrepreneur
- Kwang-Chu Chao (Шаблон:Lang; 1925–2013), Chinese-born American chemist
- James S. C. Chao (Шаблон:Lang; born 1927), Chinese-born American philanthropist and shipping businessman
- Ruth Mulan Chu Chao (Шаблон:Lang; 1930–2007), Chinese-born American philanthropist
- Chao Tzee Cheng (Шаблон:Lang; 1934–2000), Chinese-born Singaporean forensic pathologist
- Cecil Chao (Шаблон:Lang; born 1936), Hong Kong financial industry businessman
- Chao Shou-po (Шаблон:Lang; born 1941), Taiwanese politician
- Chao Hick Tin (Шаблон:Lang; born 1942), Singaporean judge
- Wing T. Chao (Шаблон:Lang; born 1944), Chinese-born American architect
- James Y. Chao (born 1947), Taiwan-born American plastics entrepreneur, son of Ting Tsung Chao
- Albert Chao (Шаблон:Lang; born 1949), Taiwan-born American plastics entrepreneur, son of Ting Tsung Chao
- Anne Chao (Шаблон:Lang; born 1951), Taiwanese environmental statistician
- Elaine Chao (Шаблон:Lang; born 1953), American politician (U.S. Secretary of Transportation), daughter of Ruth Mulan Chu Chao
- Winston Chao (Шаблон:Lang; born 1960), Taiwanese actor
- Chao Chuan (Шаблон:Lang; born 1960), Taiwanese pop singer
- Sissey Chao (Шаблон:Lang; born 1963), Taiwanese musician
- Chao Cheng-yu (Шаблон:Lang; born 1966), Taiwanese politician
- Chao Fong-pang (Шаблон:Lang; born 1967), Taiwanese pool player
- Rosalind Chao (Шаблон:Lang; born 1967), American actress
- Cindy Chao (Шаблон:Lang; born 1970s), Taiwanese jewellery designer
- Chao Chien-ming (Шаблон:Lang; born 1972), Taiwanese surgeon, son-in-law of former president Chen Shui-bian
- Chao Chih-Kuo (Шаблон:Lang; born 1972), Taiwanese long jumper
- Joyce Chao (Шаблон:Lang; born 1979), Taiwanese actress
- Chao Chih-chien (Шаблон:Lang; born 1983), Taiwanese track and field athlete
- Mark Chao (Шаблон:Lang; born 1984), Taiwanese actor
- Ruth Chao (designer) (Шаблон:Lang; born 1988), Hong Kong designer
- Allen Chao (Шаблон:Lang), Chinese-born American pharmaceuticals businessman
- Chao Hsiu-wa (Шаблон:Lang), Taiwanese politician
Chinese surname Cáo (Шаблон:Lang)
- Chao Kuang Piu (Шаблон:Lang; born 1920), Hong Kong textiles businessman
- Charles Chao (Шаблон:Lang; born 1961), Chinese businessman, CEO and president of Sina Corp.
Chinese surname Zhōu (Шаблон:Lang)
- Jason Chao (Шаблон:Lang; born 1986), Macau activist
- Chao Man Hou (Шаблон:Lang; born 1996), Macau swimmer
Other
People with other surnames spelled Chao, or for whom the Chinese characters of their names are unavailable:
- Ramon Chao (1935–2018), Spanish journalist
- Alexander Wu Chao (born 1949), Taiwanese-American physicist
- Manu Chao (born 1961), French musician
- Chan Chao (born 1966), Burmese-born American photographer
- Mariano Chao (born 1972), Argentine field hockey goalkeeper
- Avianna Chao (born 1975), Chinese-born Canadian sport shooter
- Zoë Chao (born 1985), American actress
- Peter Chao, alias of Davin Tong (born 1987), Canadian YouTube personality
- Lin Chao, American evolutionary biologist
- Roger Chao, Australian explorer
- Ruth K. Chao, American psychologist
- Tom X. Chao, American playwright
- Vic Chao, American actor
Fictional characters:
- Lily Chao, first appeared in the BBC medical drama Casualty in 2013
See also
References