Английская Википедия:Chapiquiña Power Plant

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Chapiquiña power plant is a hydroelectric power plant in northern Chile. It takes water from the Canal Lauca and produces electrical power through a Pelton turbine.

Structure

Шаблон:External media It lies Шаблон:Convert east of Arica, in the Putre commune of the Arica y Parinacota Region. The plant lies at an elevation of Шаблон:Convert; the town of Chapiquiña lies south of the plant. The name Chapiquiña is derived from Aymara Шаблон:Lang and means "bed of thorns".

Water is carried by the Шаблон:Convert long Canal Lauca to the plant and drops over a distance of Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Sfn to produce electrical power through two 5.1 megawatt Pelton turbines. The water is held in a reservoir after exiting the plant before being discharged into the Quebrada Cosapilla; from there it flows into the Rio Seco and eventually into the San José River.Шаблон:Sfn The maximum flow capacity of the plant is Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Sfn while the capacity of the feeder Canal Lauca is only Шаблон:Convert and a more typical flow rate is Шаблон:Convert;Шаблон:Sfn most of the water in the San José River comes from the Chapiquiña power plant.Шаблон:Sfn There is also a rain gauging station at Chapiquiña.Шаблон:Sfn

Operation

Chapiquiña produces about 10.2 megawatt of powerШаблон:Efn which is injected into the Sistema Interconectado del Norte Grande, the regional power grid, through the Águila substation farther west.Шаблон:Sfn In 2013 the plant generated almost 44 GWh. It operates mainly when power consumption is highШаблон:Sfn and is one of the few hydroelectric power plants in northern Chile.

Aside from producing electrical power, the water discharged into the San Jose River is intercepted downriver and used to irrigate the Azapa Valley;Шаблон:Sfn the reservoir downstream of the turbines serves to secure water delivery even when water is low in the Canal Lauca.

• Operating principle of a Pelton turbine

  Operating principle of a Pelton turbine

• The Azapa Valley close to Arica

  The Azapa Valley close to Arica

History

Studies on the possibility to use the Lauca River as a water source for the Azapa Valley were made after 1945;Шаблон:Sfn during planning of the diversion the idea rose to use the drop at Chapiquiña for hydropower generation.Шаблон:Sfn Construction of the plant was started by the company ENDESA in 1962 and operations commenced in March 1967.Шаблон:Sfn Until 2017, it was the largest public works project in the Arica y Parinacota Region; the construction of the power plant was part of a series of public work projects in the 1960s–1970s in the Arica region. The plant underwent a number of ownership changes after it was built; it is currently owned by the company E-CL.Шаблон:Sfn

It was also planned to augment the water supply to the plant by pumping water from Lake Chungara, but in 1985 the Supreme Court of Chile disallowed such pumping for environmental reasons as Lake Chungara is located in the Lauca National Park. In 2012, the Spanish ambassador Iñigo de Palacio visited the plant; in the same year quenoa woodlands began to be planted in initially about Шаблон:Convert land owned by the plant as a conservation measure. Such trees provide nesting sites for birds and regulate the local water balance.

References

Sources

• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite web