Английская Википедия:Charles, Count of Soissons
Charles de Bourbon (3 November 1566 – 1 November 1612) was a French prince du sang and military commander during the struggles over religion and the throne in late 16th century France. A first cousin of King Henry IV of France, he was the son of the Huguenot leader Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Condé and his second wife, Françoise d'Orléans-Longueville (5 April 1549 – 1601).Шаблон:Sfn He gave his name to the Hôtel de Soissons after his title Count of Soissons.
Career
Born in Nogent-le-Rotrou, Soissons joined the Catholic League during the French Wars of Religion despite his older half-brothers' Protestant affiliations.Шаблон:Sfn He left the royal court disenchanted soon thereafter however, and was won over to the cause of Henry of Navarre.Шаблон:Sfn
Charles fought for Henry at the battle of Coutras in 1587,Шаблон:Sfn was then introduced and secretly engaged to Henry's sister Catherine.Шаблон:Sfn He attended the Estates General at Blois in 1588, fought back the League's forces at the battle of Saint Symphorien in 1589, was taken prisoner at Château-Giron and, escaping from Nantes, joined forces with Henry at Dieppe. After the battle of Ivry he led the king's cavalry in besieging Paris in 1590, and proved his worth at the sieges of Chartres in 1591 and of Rouen in 1592. Although he briefly joined in the scheme of his brother Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon, to form a third party in the kingdom, he attended Henry's coronation in 1594. He fought loyally at the successful siege of Laon. Peace having been concluded with Spain, he commanded troops in the war in Savoy in 1600.[1]
He had been inducted into the Order of the Holy Spirit in 1585 by Henry III. Henry IV made him Grand mâitre of the royal household and governor of the province of Brittany in 1589. In 1602 he was made governor of the Dauphiné, and of Normandy in 1610, in which year he was also present at the coronation of Louis XIII.[1] After Henry's death later that year, Soissons opposed the policies of his widow, the queen regent Marie de' Medici. In 1612 Samuel de Champlain convinced Charles to obtain the office of Lieutenant-General from King Louis XIII, which he did.
After the Bourbons obtained the French crown and the Princes de Condé and their heirs apparent (by right of their rank as premier princes du sangШаблон:Citation needed) became known, respectively, as Monsieur le prince and Monsieur le duc, Charles came to be styled Monsieur le comte at court. That honorific was borne also by his son Louis and, subsequently, by the Savoy counts of Soissons who inherited the countship from Charles's daughter, Marie, princesse de Carignan, even though they ranked as princes étrangers in France rather than as princes du sang.[2]
The death of Henry IV in 1610 weakened Samuel de Champlain's chances of successfully colonizing New France, and, by the advice of Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons, he sought a protector in the person of the Count of Soissons, who accepted the proposal to become the “father of New France,” obtained from the queen regent the authority necessary to preserve and advance all that had been already done, and appointed Champlain his lieutenant with unrestricted power. In his commission to Champlain, Soissons styles himself “lieutenant general of New France,” but he died soon after issuing it.[3]
Family
As the youngest son of a cadet branch of the royal dynasty, Louis could not expect a large patrimony, but was allotted the countship of Soissons from among the Bourbon estates inherited from his paternal great-grandmother, Marie de Luxembourg.Шаблон:Citation needed He also obtained the countship of Dreux and the seigneuries of Châtel-Chinon, Noyers, Baugé, and Blandy. In 1601 Charles wed Anne de Montafié (1577–1644)Шаблон:Sfn who, although not of royal blood, brought to the Bourbon-Soissons her father's countship of Montafié in Piedmont, as well as her mother's seigneuries of Bonnétable and Lucé. Of their five children, three survived childhood:
- Louis de Bourbon 1604-1641,Шаблон:Sfn had illegitimate issue.
- Louise de Bourbon 1603-1637, married Henri II d'Orléans, Duke of LonguevilleШаблон:Sfn
- Marie de Bourbon 1606-1692, married Thomas Francis, Prince of CarignanoШаблон:Sfn
Charles's illegitimate daughters by Anne Marie Bohier, daughter of Antoine, seigneur de la Rochebourdet:
- Charlotte, bâtarde de Soissons (d.1626), became abbess of FontevraultШаблон:Sfn
- Catherine, bâtarde de Soissons (d.1651), became abbess of Perrigne in MaineШаблон:Sfn
Charles de Soissons died at Blandy 1 November 1612, of puerperal fever (¿???) according to Père Anselme, and was buried in the Soissons' family tomb in the charterhouse of Gaillon, where his wife and son would also be buried[4] (The Chartreuse de Bourbon-lèz-Gaillon, built in 1562 one km from the Château de Gaillon by Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon, who was buried there, was sold during the French Revolution and demolished in 1834).[5]
References
Sources
- Шаблон:Cite book
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- Шаблон:Cite book
Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-gov Шаблон:Succession box Шаблон:S-end
Шаблон:Prince of the Blood (House of Bourbon) Шаблон:Authority control
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- 1566 births
- 1612 deaths
- House of Bourbon-Condé
- Counts of Soissons
- Counts of Dreux
- Grand Masters of France
- People from Nogent-le-Rotrou
- 16th-century peers of France
- 17th-century peers of France
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