Английская Википедия:Charles Auger

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox officeholder Charles Auger de La Motte (Шаблон:Circa – 13 February 1705) was a French colonial administrator. He was governor in turn of Marie-Galante, Guadeloupe and Saint-Domingue.

Career

Early years (1640–1683)

Charles Auger was born on Saint-Christophe around 1640. His parents were from Normandy, and had settled in Saint-Christophe in the 1630s. He entered the service of the Order of Malta, which owned the island, and became a knight of the order.Шаблон:Sfn He was appointed a surveyor on Saint Christophe and inspector of the island's fortifications.Шаблон:Sfn

Auger married Louise d'Angennes, daughter of Louis d'Angennes, Marquis de Maintenon. She was the sister of Charles François d'Angennes, Marquis de Maintenon.Шаблон:Sfn Auger was captured by Barbary pirates from the port of Salé, Morocco. After being released he embarked at the beginning of 1681 as a lieutenant aboard the king's frigate La Sorcière, commanded by his brother-in-law, the Marquis de Maintenon. He spent two years cruising in the Antilles seas.Шаблон:Sfn

Marie-Galante (1683–1692)

Auger was appointed king's lieutenant of Marie-Galante, just south of Guadeloupe, on 28 September 1683, and on 1 January 1686 became governor of Marie-Galante.Шаблон:Sfn He replaced the Marquis de Maintenon, who had spent only two months on the island during his three years in office.Шаблон:Sfn The Nine Years' War lasted from 1688 and 1697 and was fought by a coalition of states including the Dutch and English who were opposed to Louis XIV of France.Шаблон:Sfn Marie-Galante was abandoned in 1692 due to English raids, and Auger went to Martinique to help defend that island.Шаблон:Sfn

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Guadeloupe (1695–1703)

On 21 August 1695 Auger was appointed governor of Guadeloupe.Шаблон:Sfn He succeeded Pierre Hincelin, who had died the previous year.Шаблон:Sfn In January 1696 a convoy of merchant vessels reached Martinique loaded with supplies and munition, escorted by three warships. In March 1696 Auger left Saint-Pierre, Martinique on one of these ships to take up his post in Guadeloupe.Шаблон:Sfn

By early 1701 it was clear that another European war was imminent, since the Duke of Anjou had just become King Philip V of Spain, and the other powers of Europe would not allow one family to hold the crowns of France and Spain.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn In July 1701 the governor general of the French West Indies, Charles Desnotz, came to Guadeloupe to consult with Auger, and to urge him to immediately start preparations for war.Шаблон:Sfn He promised to give Auger all the assistance he needed.Шаблон:Sfn Desnotz died on 6 October 1701, and Charles de Pechpeyrou-Comminges de Guitaut became interim governor general. Charles-François de Machault de Belmont was appointed governor as of 1 July 1702.Шаблон:Sfn Machault finally presented his credentials to the sovereign council in Martinique on 24 March 1703.Шаблон:Sfn

On 19 March 1703 (8 March O.S.Шаблон:Efn) a fleet of 45 vessels carrying 4,000 soldiers and militiamen under Christopher Codrington began the Siege of Guadeloupe.Шаблон:Sfn Auger, assisted by the friar and preacher Jean-Baptiste Labat, tried to organize the defense, but they were outnumbered. After two and a half weeks the English managed to take the fort in Basse-Terre.Шаблон:Sfn When he reached Martinique Machault found that the intendant François-Roger Robert was gathering reinforcements for Guadeloupe, which the English had invaded.Шаблон:Sfn 1,500 men volunteered, of whom 700 were chosen for the expedition. Nicolas de Gabaret, who was senior to Auger, was given overall command.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Tour du Père-Labat 03.JPG
Tour du Père-Labat(fr) in Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe

Nine barques, two ships and a brigantine (Trompeuse, Union, and Samaritaine) were used for transport, and left in the morning of 31 March 1703 escorted by two warships and a frigate that Machault had brought to the West Indies.Шаблон:Sfn Gabaret arrived in Guadeloupe on 3 April 1703.Шаблон:Sfn He pursued scorched earth tactics that proved effective in combination with the effect on the English of climate and drink.Шаблон:Sfn The English withdrew on 15 May 1703.Шаблон:Sfn Auger charged the Dominican Jean Baptiste Labat with building a defensive tower at Pointe-des-Pères for the coastal battery to protect the town of Basse-Terre. It was built from volcanic rock in 1703 at the entrance to the town of Baillif.Шаблон:Sfn

Tortuga (1703–1705)

Jean-Baptiste du Casse left Tortuga for France in 1700, where he was made squadron commander in the king's army. During his absence the sieur of Boissi Ramé commanded the colony, but he died soon after and Joseph d'Honon de Gallifet was named acting governor in his place.Шаблон:Sfn A royal decree of 1 May 1703 made Auger governor of Tortuga and the Coast of Saint-Domingue in place of Ducasse, squadron commander of the naval armies of America.Шаблон:Sfn He took office in November 1703.Шаблон:Sfn The decree appointing him was received in the council of Léogâne on 16 November 1703 and of Le Cap on 3 December 1703.Шаблон:Sfn Bonnaventure-François de Boisfermé was made acting governor of Guadeloupe.Шаблон:Sfn

Auger organized the defenses of Saint Domingue against the English, but quarrelled with one of his subordinates, the king's lieutenant (and former acting governor) Joseph d'Honon de Galiffet.Шаблон:Sfn Auger died in Léogâne on 13 February 1705.Шаблон:Sfn He was replaced by Jean-Pierre de Charitte as acting governor of Saint-Domingue.Шаблон:Sfn

Notes

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Citations

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Sources

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