Английская Википедия:Charles Phelps Taft II

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Файл:President Taft and his family (1912).png

Charlie with his parents and siblings (1912)

Charles Phelps Taft II (September 20, 1897 – June 24, 1983) was a U.S. Republican Party politician and member of the Taft family. From 1955 to 1957, he served as Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio. Like other members of his family, Taft was a Republican for the purposes of statewide elections. However, when running for municipal office in Cincinnati, Taft was a member of the Charter Party. During his term as mayor, Fortune magazine ranked Cincinnati as the best managed big city in the United States. As mayor, he gained the nickname "Mr. Cincinnati".Шаблон:Citation needed

Early life

Charles Phelps Taft II was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, the youngest of three children born to President William Howard Taft and First Lady Helen Herron Taft. His siblings were U.S. Senator Robert A. Taft and Bryn Mawr College professor Helen Taft Manning. He was named after his uncle, U.S. Congressman Charles Phelps Taft. Taft was only 11 years old when he moved to the White House, upon his father's election as President. During his father's tenure as Secretary of War, he was a frequent playmate of President Theodore Roosevelt's children. On the morning of May 17, 1909, the same day his mother suffered a severe stroke, he underwent a "bloody adenoid operation". Taft dropped out of Yale University in order to serve in the United States Army during World War I and later returned to graduate in 1918, and then earned his law degree from Yale Law School in 1921. He was a member of Beta Theta Pi and a 1918 initiate into the Skull and Bones student society.

Marriage

Taft married Eleanor Kellogg Chase on October 6, 1917, in Waterbury, Connecticut. His wife's father ran the Waterbury Clock Company. They had 7 children:

• Eleanor Kellogg Hall (Taft) (September 16, 1918 – June 28, 2004)Шаблон:Cn
• Sylvia Howard Lotspeich (Taft) (August 7, 1920 – June 26, 2008)Шаблон:Cn
• Seth Taft (December 31, 1922 – April 14, 2013)Шаблон:Cn
• Lucia Chase Taft (June 6, 1924 – October 29, 1955)Шаблон:Cn
• Cynthia Herron Taft Morris (April 28, 1928 – July 16, 2013)Шаблон:Cn
• Rosalyn Rawson Taft (January 7, 1930 – September 4, 1941) Шаблон:Cn
• Peter Rawson Taft III (1936).Шаблон:Citation needed

Rosalyn died from polio and Lucia committed suicide.

Career

Upon graduation from law school, Taft practiced law and became active in Cincinnati local politics. In 1925, he helped introduce the home-rule charter under which Cincinnati became the first major city in the United States to adopt the city manager form of government. Later that year, he became the youngest President of the International YMCA. In 1926, he and his brother Robert A. Taft helped form the Cincinnati law firm Taft Stettinius & Hollister. From 1927 to 1928, he served as Hamilton County Prosecutor. He served on the Cincinnati City Council three times, from 1938 to 1942, from 1948 to 1951, and from 1955 to 1977. During World War II, he served as Director of U.S. Community War Service at the Federal Security Agency and later as Director of Economic Affairs at the State Department, under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. From 1947 to 1948, he served as the first layman President of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. In the 1952 election, he ran unsuccessfully for Governor of Ohio, losing to incumbent Frank Lausche.Шаблон:Cn

Personal interests

Taft was an avid fan of the Cincinnati Reds baseball team and sometimes listened to games on the radio with an earplug during city council meetings. In addition, he was an avid fisherman whose trademark was a canoe tied to his car in anticipation of his next fishing trip. When he died, the epitaph "Gone fishing" was inscribed on his grave at Spring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati.Шаблон:Cn

He served on the vestry (board of directors for an Episcopal parish) of Christ Church Cathedral in Cincinnati for decades. He served as a vestry member from 1928 to 1941, Junior Warden (vice president of the board) from 1942 to 1949, and Senior Warden (president of the board) from 1950 to 1977. The large sculpture on the southwest corner of the Christ Church Cathedral building is commemorated to him and was created by the commissioned artist, Timothy S. Werrell (b. 1957). He was known to be a champion for the poor and worked to study why there were no African Americans attending the church in the 1950s. To this day, The Taft Lecture Series, funded by The Charles P. and Eleanor Taft Memorial Fund, "features provocative thinkers, writers, teachers, theologians, social justice activists, and leaders in the fields of religion, social science, the arts, politics, and more. Lectures are presented once or twice or year as the featured speakers’ schedules permit, and are always free to the public."

In his later years he spent much time preserving his father's childhood home, which became the William Howard Taft National Historic Site.Шаблон:Cn

Controversy

In 1952 (while he was Senior Warden at Christ Church), Taft was accused by Cincinnati Councilman Jesse D. Locker, the first Black council member in Cincinnati, of inserting restrictive race clauses into the deeds of properties he was developing. These clauses read, “These premises shall not be sold, leased or rented to, nor occupied by, except as a servant, anyone not of the Caucasian Race”. Though these types of clauses had been deemed illegal and unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1948, Taft defended himself by saying, “I built 265 good houses during the war at Woodside Homes and Shawanoe Trail and I am proud of them. I could only do that on borrowed money, and at that time I nor anyone else could borrow a dime from any financial institution I know, for any such purpose, without such clauses in the deeds”.

References

• Degregorio, William A., The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents, Barricade Books, 1997
• Wead, Doug, All the President's Children, Atria Books, 2003

External links

• Шаблон:PM20