Английская Википедия:Charlotte Emerson Brown
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox person
Charlotte Emerson Brown (April 21, 1838 – February 5, 1895) was an American woman notable as the creator and first president of the General Federation of Women's Clubs (GFWC),Шаблон:Efn a progressive women's movement in America beginning in the 1890s.[1] During her presidency, membership expanded quickly from 50 cultural clubs to several hundred, and grew to representing tens of thousands of women.[1] She was instrumental in the GFWC's formation of state-level organizations.[1]
Early life and education
Brown was born in Andover, Massachusetts[2] to Reverend Ralph EmersonШаблон:Efn and Eliza Rockwell.[3] Brown's father was a professor of ecclesiastical history and pastoral theology at Andover Theological Seminary.[4]
Brown was an avid reader and student who spoke many languages.[2][4] She graduated from the Abbot Academy of Andover.[2]
Career
Brown taught in Montreal with Hannah Lyman, Vassar's first female president,[4] and studied business in Chicago.[4] Brown's first clubs were a music club and a French club,[4] and her home in Illinois hosted literary, musical and artistic events.[5] She worked part time as a teacher; from 1879-1880, she served as Jane Addams's teacher of the German language.[5]
She became president of the Woman's Club of Orange.[4] In 1890, she was elected president of the General Federation of Women's Clubs, an organization which encouraged women to educate themselves and become advocates in their communities.[4] Members advocated for clean milk, street lights, and libraries,[6] as well as for regulations regarding child labor and child and maternal health.[6] According to one viewpoint, the exclusion of men in these clubs was helpful in allowing women to develop their own leadership skills.[7] Under Brown's leadership, the organization grew from an initial meeting of delegates from sixty-one clubs to 475,000 U.S. women from 2,865 clubs in the mid-1920s, and was notable for assisting the career development of advocates such as Eleanor Roosevelt. Membership peaked at 830,000 members in 1955.[6] Brown served as the organization's president until 1894.[8]
Personal life
Brown married William Bryant Brown on July 20, 1880,[5] a congregational pastor who served parishes in several states.[5] The couple settled in East Orange, New Jersey.[4] Charlotte Brown died on February 4, 1895.
Notes
References
Further reading
- Emerson, Benjamin K. The Ipswich Emersons (1900)
- Houde, Mary Jean. Reaching Out: A Story of the General Federation of Women’s Clubs (1989)
- Swanson, Cynthia N. Brown, Charlotte Emerson American National Biography (2000) online
- Wells, Mildred White. Unity in Diversity: The History of the General Federation of Women’s Clubs (1953).
- Wood, Mrs Mary I. Stevens. The History of the General Federation of Women's Clubs: For the first twenty-two years of its organization (History department, General federation of women's clubs, 1912). online
External links
- Английская Википедия
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- 1838 births
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- People from Andover, Massachusetts
- Schoolteachers from Massachusetts
- Abbot Academy alumni
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from A Woman of the Century
- Clubwomen
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