Английская Википедия:Charsadda District, Pakistan

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:Infobox settlement

Charsadda District (Шаблон:Lang-ps, Шаблон:Lang-ur) is a district in the Peshawar Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Prior to its establishment as a separate district in 1998, it was a tehsil within the Peshawar District.Шаблон:Sfn Pashtuns make up the majority of the population of the district. The district headquarter is the town of Charsadda, which was once part of the Peshawar ex-metropolitan region.

Overview and history

The district lies between 34-03' and 34-38' north latitudes and 71-28' and 71-53' east longitudes. Charsadda is located in the west of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and is bounded by the Malakand District to the north, Mardan district to the east, Nowshera and Peshawar districts to the south and Mohmand district to the west. The district covers an area of 996 square kilometers.

Charsadda was once part of the kingdom of Gandhara. However, around 516 BC Gandhara became part of the seventh satrapy or province of the Achaemenid Empire and paid tribute to Darius the Great of Persia, until it was overthrown by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC.

After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, the Indian Emperor Chandragupta Maurya rose to power and brought Gandhara under his sway. According to a popular tradition, Emperor Ashoka built one of his stupas there.Шаблон:Citation needed Actually, there were two stupas built by Ashoka, mentioned by the famous Chinese Buddhist pilgrim Hieun Tsang, who visited it in 630 AD. Both were near the town of Po-Lu-Sha, one was outside the eastern gate of the town, and the other 20 li (10 km) northeast of it, on the mount Dantaloka.[1]

To the east, a Brahminical temple stood while to the north, a monastery was located. According to Buddhists, this monastery was the place where Buddha preached the Law. The name Gandhara went out of usage after Mahmud of Ghazni conquered the area and converted it to Islam in 1026.Шаблон:Citation needed

Bactrian Greeks

This area was also ruled by the Bactrian Greeks between 250–125 BC which was succeeded by the Indo-Greek Kingdom who ruled until 10 AD.

Shabqadar

Shabqadar is a tehsil within the District Charsadda. It is Шаблон:Convert north west of Peshawar. A fort was built here by the Sikhs called Sharkargarh. The town was burnt by the Mohmands in 1897. It has since been rebuilt.Шаблон:Citation needed

Bibi Syeda Dheri

Bibi Syeda Dheri is a site half a mile to the north of Umarzai village in Charsadda tehsil. At this location, a mound rises to a height of Шаблон:Convert. It is believed to be the site of the stupa erected to commemorate the conversion by Buddha of goddess Hariti who used to devour children of the locality. There is also a shrine of a lady saint Bibi Syeda.Шаблон:Citation needed

Shar-i-Napursan

Shar-i-Napursan is an archaeological site in Charsadda tehsil near the village Rajjar. Excavations have unearthed two distinct settlements of the Buddhist period and two of the Muslim period. Coins of Menander, Hermaeus and Kanishka have been unearthed.[2]

Palatu Dheri

Файл:Hashtnagar Buddha piedestal with Year 384 inscription.jpg
Piedestal of a Buddha statue, with Year 384 inscription, from Palatu Dheri.[3]

Palatu Dheri is another archaeological site near Charsadda tehsil. A mile from Shar-i-Napursan is a mound which contains the remains of a stupa, which according to Hieun Tsiang, was built by one Deven. Some coins which connect them both to the first century AD have been unearthed. Other finds include the image of the goddess Kalika-devi. Three inscribed jars, which were presented by some laymen to "the Community of the Four Quarters", are now in the Peshawar Museum.Шаблон:Citation needed

Charsadda

The city of Charsadda originally known as Pushkalavati is mentioned in the Hindu epic story the Ramayana, where Bharata brings this new conquered city to one of his sons, Pushkala.[4]

Bala Hisar of Charsadda

Bala Hisar was excavated twice by the head of the Archaeological Survey of India, Sir John Marshall, in 1902 and by Sir Mortimer Wheeler in 1958. According to the South Asian Archaeology Research Group of Bradford University, Wheeler suggested that Bala Hisar "was founded by the Persians in the sixth century BC as a colony guarding the eastern edge of their empire".[5]

Demographics

Шаблон:Historical populations

At the time of the 2017 census the district had 217,404 households a population of 1,610,960. Charsadda had a sex ratio of 970 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 50.7–66.2% for males and 35.0% for females. 270,204 (16.8%) lived in urban areas. 30.2% of the population were under 10 years of age. 873 (0.1%) people in the district were from religious minorities, mainly Christians. Pashto was the predominant language, spoken by 99.1% of the population.[6]

Administration

The district is administratively subdivided into 3 Tehsils comprising a total of 58 Union Councils:[7]

Tehsil Urdu Name Pashto Name No. of Union Councils
Charsadda Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang 34
Tangi Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang 12
Shabqadar Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang 12

National Assembly Seats

The district is represented in the National Assembly by two MNAs who represent the following constituencies:[8]

Constituency MNA Party
NA-24 (Charsadda-I) Vacant
NA-25 (Charsadda-II) Vacant

Provincial Assembly Seats

The district is represented in the Provincial Assembly by five MPAs who represent the following constituencies:[9]

Member of Provincial Assembly Party Affiliation Constituency Year
Khalid Khan Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf PK-59 (Charsadda-I) 2018
Shakeel Bashir Khan Awami National Party PK-60 (Charsadda-II)
Sultan Mohammad Khan Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf PK-61 (Charsadda-III)
Fazle Shakoor Khan Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf PK-62 (Charsadda-IV)
Mohammad Arif Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf PK-63 (Charsadda-V)

Towns and villages

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Шаблон:Charsadda-Union-Councils Шаблон:Authority control

Шаблон:Coord missing

  1. Beal, Samuel, (ed. & trans.), (1884). Si-yu-ki: Buddhist Records of the Wester World, Volume 1, Author: Huen Tsang, p. 112: "Outside the eastern gate of the town of Po-lu-sha is a sangharama with about fifty priests, who all study the Great Vehicle. Here is a stupa built by Asoka-raja [...] To the north-east of Po-lu-sha city about 20 li or so we come to Mount Dantaloka. Above a ridge of that mountain is a stupa built by Asoka-raja."
  2. Шаблон:Cite book
  3. Problems of Chronology in Gandharan Art p.37
  4. Shastri, Hari Prasad, (1952). "Uttara-kanda, Chapter 101: The slaying of the Gandharvas and the conquest of their Country", in: The Ramayana of Valmiki: "Bharata, the son of Kaikeyi entered those two opulent and magnificent cities, and there, Bharata established Taksha in Takshashila and Pushkala in Pushkalavata, in the country of the Gandharvas, in the ravishing region of Gandhara."
  5. Шаблон:Cite web
  6. Шаблон:Cite web
  7. Tehsils & Unions in the District of Charsada - Government of Pakistan Шаблон:Webarchive
  8. Members of the National Assembly of Pakistan
  9. Members of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly